A new species, Satureja hasturkii, is described using morphological characters and molecular studies in this study. The species closely related to S. hortensis but differs from it by very lax thyrsoid inflorescence, longer pedicels, shorter calyx, upper lower calyx teeth, corolla. In order support the data, are also done nrITS cptrnL-F gene regions. data gives better results phylogenetic analys...

The calyx-type synapse of chick ciliary ganglion (CG) has been intensively studied for decades as a model system for the synaptic development, morphology and physiology. Despite recent advances in optogenetics probing and/or manipulation of the elementary steps of the transmitter release such as membrane depolarization and Ca(2+) elevation, the current gene-manipulating methods are not suitable...

We studied how afferent nerve activity affects the in vivo maturation of a fast glutamatergic CNS synapse, the calyx of Held. To address this question, we exploited the distinct presynaptic Ca2+ channel subtypes governing transmitter release at the cochlear inner hair cell (IHC)-spiral neuron synaptic junction compared with those at higher synapses along the auditory pathways. We characterized ...

Han Y, Babai N, Kaeser P, Südhof TC, Schneggenburger R. RIM1 and RIM2 redundantly determine Ca channel density and readily releasable pool size at a large hindbrain synapse. J Neurophysiol 113: 255–263, 2015. First published October 15, 2014; doi:10.1152/jn.00488.2014.—The localization and density of voltagegated Ca channels at active zones are essential for the amount and kinetics of transmitt...

Within the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the auditory brainstem, there is a large central synapse known as the calyx of Held, which mediates highfidelity glutamatergic transmission. We investigated the effects of congenital deafness on the development of preand postsynaptic parameters of synaptic strength at the calyx of Held. Whole-cell recordings of evoked excitatory postsyna...

Within the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) in the auditory brain stem, there is a large central synapse known as the calyx of Held, which mediates high-fidelity glutamatergic transmission. We investigated the effects of congenital deafness on the development of pre- and postsynaptic parameters of synaptic strength at the calyx of Held. Whole cell recordings of evoked excitatory post...

Electron micrographs, stained Epon-embedded sections, and silver stains of the ciliary ganglion of chickens 19 days prehatched, 4 days, 5 weeks, 6 months, and 1 to 2 years of age were studied. The majority of ganglion cells are large neurons; smaller cells are restricted to a dorsal, distal part of the ganglion. The following description applies to the large neurons. Three to twenty lamellae of...

KEY POINTS Vestibular type I and type II hair cells and their afferent fibres send information to the brain regarding the position and movement of the head. The characteristic feature of type I hair cells is the expression of a low-voltage-activated outward rectifying K+ current, IK,L , whose biophysical properties and molecular identity are still largely unknown. In vitro, the afferent nerve c...