UNLABELLED Orthodontic camouflage in patients with slight or moderate skeletal Class III malocclusions, can be obtained through different treatment alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to present a treatment that has not been described in the literature and which consists of the extraction of lower second molars and distal movement of the posterior segments by means of mandibular cervical...

Optical material properties have been studied in a wide wavelength range. The aim is future use of spectral design for camouflage. The main characterization techniques used in this work are Reflection Spectroscopy, Scatterometry (BRDF) and Mueller Matrix Ellipsometry. Six camouflage evaluation criteria based on reflection, emissivity, polarization, gloss, dynamic coloring and broad band propert...

a virtual, stationary object positioned at the estimated intersection point (Fig. 1b). The two angular-velocity profiles are very similar, indicating that the strategy is likely to be effective in concealing the motion of the shadower. In other male–male interactions, we observed variations in motion camouflage (Fig. 1c). During the first eight frames of filming, the lines connecting the two in...

UNLABELLED This article reviews common methods for two-dimensional display of registered multimodality brain images and describes a software package for presentation of merged MRI and PET images that runs on a workstation with an eight-bit color display. The software package displays merged brain images from multiple modalities in a way that is readily manipulated, visually pleasing and easy to...

Our overall goal is to understand the perceptual and mechanistic principles that underlay camouflage framed in the context of the animals' environment. In particular, we hope to characterize and understand the perceptual abilities of several species of benthic and pelagic cephalopods, the aspects of their optical environment that affect their camouflage behavior, the characterization of that be...

In North Carolina, the decorator crab Libinia dubia camouflages almost exclusively with the chemically noxious alga Dictyota menstrualis. By placing this alga on its carapace, the crab behaviorally sequesters the defensive chemicals of the plant and gains protection from omnivorous consumers. However, Dictyota is absent north of North Carolina, whereas Libinia occurs as far north as New England...

This paper considers the transfer of digital data over leaky and noisy communication channels. We develop defensive strategies exploiting the fact that noise prevents the attacker from accurately measuring leakage. The defense strategy described in this paper pairs each useful data element k with a camouflage value v and simultaneously transmits both k and v over the channel. This releases an e...

Use of motion to break camouflage extends back to the Cambrian [In the Blink of an Eye: How Vision Sparked the Big Bang of Evolution (New York Basic Books, 2003)]. We investigated the ability to break camouflage and continue to see camouflaged targets after motion stops. This is crucial for the survival of hunting predators. With camouflage, visual targets and distracters cannot be distinguishe...

Juvenile cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) camouflage themselves by changing their body pattern according to the background. This behaviour can be used to investigate visual perception in these molluscs and may also give insight into camouflage design. Edge detection is an important aspect of vision, and here we compare the body patterns that cuttlefish produced in response to checkerboard backgro...

Cephalopods have the most sophisticated dynamic skin coloration for rapidly camouflage in nature. Previous studies have suggested that the pair of optic lobes located bilaterally in their brain plays a key role in controlling the expansion of chromatophores for generating diverse body patterns. However, the functional organization of the optic lobes and their neural control of various body patt...