Electric vehicle routing problems (E-VRPs) deal with a fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) to serve set customers while minimizing an operational criterion, for example, cost or time. The feasibility the routes is constrained by autonomy EVs, which may be recharged along route. Much E-VRP research neglects capacity charging stations (CSs) and thus implicitly assumes that unlimited number EVs can s...

As shown in recent researches, the costs in distribution systems may be excessive if routes are ignored when locating depots. The location routing problem (LRP) overcomes this drawback by simultaneously tackling location and routing decisions. This paper presents a new metaheuristic to solve the LRP with capacitated routes and depots. A first phase executes a GRASP, based on an extended and ran...