and Applied Analysis 3 fractional order to distributed order fractional. In Section 4, we introduce the distributed order fractional evolution systems C doD α t x t A C doD β t x t Bu t , x 0 x0, 0 < β < α ≤ 1, 1.5 where u t is control vector, and generalize the results obtained in Section 3 for this case. Finally, the conclusions are given in the last section. 2. Elementary Definitions and The...

In this paper, we approximate the solution to time-fractional telegraph equation by two kinds of difference methods: the Grünwald formula and Caputo fractional difference.

We study Lagrangian systems on a closed manifold M . We link the differentiability of Mather’s β -function with the topological complexity of the complement of the Aubry set. As a consequence, when dimM ≤ 3, the differentiability of the β -function at a given homology class is forced by the irrationality of the homology class. As an application we prove the two-dimensional case of two conjectur...

exists. The function f is continuously differentiable when it is differentiable and f ′ is continuous. A k-times continuously differentiable function is C, and a continuous function is C. A V -valued function f is weakly C when for every λ ∈ V ∗ the scalar-valued function λ◦ f is C. This sense of weak differentiability of a function f does not refer to distributional derivatives, but to differe...

In this paper we study differentiability properties of the map T 7→ φ(T ), where φ is a given function in the disk-algebra and T ranges over the set of contractions on Hilbert space. We obtain sharp conditions (in terms of Besov spaces) for differentiability and existence of higher derivatives. We also find explicit formulae for directional derivatives (and higher derivatives) in terms of doubl...

In this work we investigate gradient estimation for a class of contracting stochastic systems on a continuous state space. We find conditions on the one-step transitions, namely differentiability and contraction in a Wasserstein distance, that guarantee differentiability of stationary costs. Then we show how to estimate the derivatives, deriving an estimator that can be seen as a generalization...

In this paper, solution of fuzzy differential equation under general differentiability is obtained by genetic programming (GP). The obtained solution in this method is equivalent or very close to the exact solution of the problem. Accuracy of the solution to this problem is qualitatively better. An illustrative numerical example is presented for the proposed method. Keywords—Fuzzy differential ...

We examine the computable part of the differentiability hierarchy defined by Kechris and Woodin. In that hierarchy, the rank of a differentiable function is an ordinal less than ω1 which measures how complex it is to verify differentiability for that function. We show that for each recursive ordinal α > 0, the set of Turing indices of C[0, 1] functions that are differentiable with rank at most ...