Out of a comparative research conducted on the training of first respondents to car crash injuries, this paper identifies four major factors influencing the way in which a country designs its prehospital emergency system. The paper also discusses elements pertaining to the organization of these systems in Canada and presents relevant interprovincial variations.

The work presented in this paper is part of the cooperative research project AUTO–OPT carried out by twelve partners from the automotive industries. One major work package concerns the application of data mining methods in the area of automotive design. Suitable methods for data preparation and data analysis are developed. The objective of the work is the re–use of data stored in the crash–simu...

Among all abdominal organs, the liver is one of the most frequently injured, because of its important size, weight and critical location. In car crash situations, liver injuries seem to be obtained by dynamic compression during the brutal body deceleration [2]. Some authors have described this global dynamical behaviour in compression [3-5] but not really analysed damage and failure occurrence ...

We tried to obtain preliminary evidence to test the hypothesis that the association between driving exposure and the frequency of reporting a road crash can be decomposed into two paths: direct and indirect (mediated by risky driving patterns). In a cross-sectional study carried out between 2007 and 2010, a sample of 1114 car drivers who were students at the University of Granada completed a qu...

A 26-year-old man suffered a severe impact in a car crash. Computed tomography showed an image suspicious for coronary injury (Fig. 1a). Coronary angiography (Fig. 1b, Supplementary Video 1) revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the first diagonal branch. Sealing was cancelled because of spontaneous healing (Fig. 1c, Supplementary Video 2). Pseudoaneurysm disappeared and coronary artery remained normal ...

The airbag system has become a standard equipment of vehicles recently. The purpose of airbag system is to protect the safeties of driver and passengers. How to improve the ignition timing of algorithm of airbag control at the moment of car accident occurrence is very important. In this paper, the test platform of simulation is established such as to assure the corrections of ignition timings f...

This paper presents a computational modeling approach for negative effects simulation of visual distraction while driving a car. In order to investigate these effects, an experiment was firstly implemented on a driving simulator. Twenty participants were invited to perform a car following task in different driving conditions (12 driving scenarios), with or without a secondary task of visual dis...

Vision-based driver assistance in modern cars has to perform automated real-time understanding or modeling of traffic environments based on multiple sensor inputs, using ‘normal’ or specialized (such as night vision) stereo cameras as default input devices. Distance measurement, lane-departure warning, traffic sign recognition, or trajectory calculation are examples of current developments in t...

For years, automotive engineers have been working to improve vehicle safety by using dummies, human corpses and animals to test safety systems. However, in most cases, crash tests do not consider drivers differences, much less their reactions. In reality, no one can make real crash tests with living drivers. Current approach is to simulate crashes using a driving simulator to analyze driver’s b...

As part of the Wisconsin road weather safety initiative, the objective of this study is to assess the effects of rainfall on the severity of single-vehicle crashes on Wisconsin interstate highways utilizing polychotomous response models. Weather-related factors considered in this study include estimated rainfall intensity for 15 min prior to a crash occurrence, water film depth, temperature, wi...