The intestine of marine teleosts produces carbonate precipitates from ingested calcium as part of their osmoregulatory strategy in seawater. The potential for estrogens to control the production of intestinal calcium carbonate and so influence osmoregulation was investigated in seawater-acclimated rainbow trout following intraperitoneal implantation of 17β-estradiol (E2) at two doses (0.1 and 1...

Instead of having been more or less constant, as once assumed, it is now apparent that the major ion chemistry of the oceans has varied substantially over time. For instance, independent lines of evidence suggest that calcium concentration ([Ca ]) has approximately halved and magnesium concentration ([Mg ]) approximately doubled over the last 100 million years. On the other hand, the calcite co...

Carbonate minerals provide critical information for defining atmosphere-hydrosphere interactions. Carbonate minerals in the Martian meteorite ALH 84001 have been dated to ∼ 3.9 Ga, and both C and O-triple isotopes can be used to decipher the planet's climate history. Here we report Δ(17)O, δ(18)O, and δ(13)C data of ALH 84001 of at least two varieties of carbonates, using a stepped acid dissolu...

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is widely used in pharmaceutical industries and as a supplement in probiotics. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on the physicochemical properties of the CaCO3. The CaCO3 powder was divided into two parts and referred as control and treated. The control part was remained untreated, whereas treated part was subjected to T...

As high capacity cathodes for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries, carbon bonded and encapsulated selenium composites (C/Se) with a high loading content of 54% Se were synthesized by the in situ carbonization of a mixture of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and selenium (Se) in a sealed vacuum glass tube. Because Se is physically encapsulated and chemically bonded by carbon, the sh...

Seawater carbonate chemistry is typically calculated from two measured parameters. Depending on the choice of these input parameters, discrepancies in calculated pCO2 have been recognized by marine chemists, but the significance of this phenomenon for CO2 perturbation experiments has so far not been determined. To mimic different 5 pCO2 scenarios, two common perturbation methods for seawater ca...

[1] The Bern3D model was applied to quantify the mechanisms of carbon cycle changes during the Holocene (last 11,000 years). We rely on scenarios from the literature to prescribe the evolution of shallow water carbonate deposition and of land carbon inventory changes over the glacial termination (18,000 to 11,000 years ago) and the Holocene and modify these scenarios within uncertainties. Model...

Ocean acidification, due to anthropogenic CO₂ absorption by the ocean, may have profound impacts on marine biota. Calcareous organisms are expected to be particularly sensitive due to the decreasing availability of carbonate ions driven by decreasing pH levels. Recently, some studies focused on the early life stages of mollusks that are supposedly more sensitive to environmental disturbances th...

Rising atmospheric CO2 and deliberate CO2 sequestration in the ocean change seawater carbonate chemistry in a similar way, lowering seawater pH, carbonate ion concentration and carbonate saturation state and increasing dissolved CO2 concentration. These changes affect marine plankton in various ways. On the organismal level, a moderate increase in CO2 facilitates photosynthetic carbon fixation ...

In this work we have studied the structure and dynamics of complexes formed by three and four carbonates and a central lanthanoid(III) ion in liquid water by means of polarizable molecular dynamics simulations. With this aim we have developed a force field employing an extrapolation procedure that was previously developed for lanthanoid(III) aqua ions and then we have validated it against DFT-b...