Bone is a composite biomaterial mainly composed of packed collagen fibres and nano-sized hydroxylapatite (HA) crystals. Quantitative measurements of bone mine­ ral composition can provide insights into the bone mine­ ral formation in health and disease . Bone mineral characteristics such as crystal lini ty, carbonate and phosphate mineral content may vary as a function of age, sex, diet, bone l...

The influence of mineral substrate composition and structure on bacterial calcium carbonate productivity and polymorph selection was studied. Bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation occurred on calcitic (Iceland spar single crystals, marble, and porous limestone) and silicate (glass coverslips, porous sintered glass, and quartz sandstone) substrates following culturing in liquid medium (M-3P)...

The effect of dietary calcium chloride vs. calcium carbonate on mineral metabolism was studied in cats. Ovariectomized cats and female kittens were fed purified diets with a normal calcium level (9.5 mmol Ca/MJ) but containing either calcium carbonate or calcium chloride, or were fed diets with a high calcium level (17.7 mmol Ca/MJ) containing either calcium carbonate alone or equimolar amounts...

Biomineralization is the process whereby organic molecules and scaffolds control the nucleation and growth of minerals. Understanding this therefore requires the understanding of a highly heterogeneous interface: soft organic matter on one side and hard mineral on the other. An important part of this process is the adhesion of large molecules to mineral surfaces. We shall discuss progress in si...

Gastroliths, the calcium storage organs of crustaceans, consist of chitin-protein-mineral complexes in which the mineral component is stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate. To date, only three proteins, GAP 65, gastrolith matrix protein (GAMP), and orchestin, have been identified in gastroliths. Here, we report a novel protein, GAP 10, isolated from the gastrolith of the crayfish Cherax quadri...

carbonates are among the most common soil constituents in arid and semiarid zones. they exhibit many significant differences in their chemical and mineralogical, suite, origin, physical and micromorphological properties and consequently in their activities in soil. the differences cause different properties of calcareous soils. six profiles of aridisols and inceptisols with carbonate accumulati...

for obtaining reservoir petrophysical properties, for example porosity, non-destructive methods such as x-ray computed tomography, ct, seems to be precise and accurate. porosity is deducted from the ct image with a single scan via different techniques, such as pore space detection by image segmentation techniques then correlation with porosity. more than one hundred samples with carbonate li...