Rare liver diseases caused by ductal plate malformation, such as congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF), Caroli syndrome, and polycystic disease, can have clinical manifestations recurrent cholangitis—frequently involving multidrug-resistant microorganisms—leading to difficulties in selecting the optimal antimicrobial treatment. Without prompt recognition, these infections severely hamper patient’s ...

In this paper, I ask whether family firms provide stability to their stakeholders at the expense of economic growth. I build a model where current owners of dynastic firms derive private benefits from keeping the control of the firm within the family over the generations. Because these preferences limit the recourse to external finance, they induce family-minded entrepreneurs to invest in small...