OBJECTIVES Several specialists use three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound as adjuvant imaging technique in their clinical practice. It has been applied to study carotid plaque morphology, surface and volume during atherosclerosis progression. Nonetheless, no papers have so far described the use of this technique in conditions different than carotid stenosis, such as bifurcation anatomy changes of th...

During the routine dissection of the neck region of a 77 years old male cadaver in the Department of Anatomy at Bankura Sammilani Medical College, a unilateral variation in the position and course of internal and external carotid arteries was noticed on the right side of neck. The internal carotid artery was anteromedial to the external carotid artery at the site of bifurcation of the common ca...

angladesh has an estimated population of 130 million. Approximately 1.2 million of them are disabled. It is estimated that 70% of them are due to consequences of stroke.1 Stroke is the most common cause of death as a result of neurologic disorders and the third leading cause of death in the United States of America each year. Ischemic stroke from atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid bifurcati...

Phonoangiography, quantitative analysis of arterial bruits, has been shown to provide accurate noninvasive diagnosis of uncomplicated carotid arterial stenosis, but had not been tested where cervical bruits from other sources were present. In this study, 27 carotid bruits in 15 consecutive patients with carotid bruits and basal heart murmurs were analyzed by phonoangiography. Tape recordings we...

A new algorithm is proposed for the segmentation of the lumen and bifurcation boundaries of the carotid artery in B-mode ultrasound images. It uses the hipoechogenic characteristics of the lumen for the identification of the carotid boundaries and the echogenic characteristics for the identification of the bifurcation boundaries. The image to be segmented is processed with the application of an...

BACKGROUND The carotid bifurcation can host a variety of tumors requiring complex surgical management. Treatment requires resection and, in some cases, vascular reconstruction that may compromise the cerebral circulation. The most frequent lesion at this location is the carotid body tumor (CBT). CBT are classified according to Shamblin in 3 types depending on the degree of carotid vessels encas...

The precise sequence of events leading to carotid plaque vulnerability is as yet unknown, and the majority of ischemic strokes seem to result from atherosclerotic plaque rupture or thrombus propagation at the carotid bifurcation.1 Traditionally, the surgical approach of carotid endarterectomy is well accepted for the treatment of symptomatic and severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis.2,3 More rec...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative value of high-resolution, contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE MRA) with elliptical centric k-space ordering compared with intra-arterial x-ray angiography for imaging carotid stenosis. METHODS Thirty patients with suspected stenosis of the carotid arteries were examined with CE MRA (1.5-T scanner) and x-ray angio...

It is well known connection between the stroke and diseases of carotid artery (stenosis, aneurysm, kinking). In the XIX century postmortem studies showed association of ischemic brain lesions and plaque formation in carotid bifurcation [1]. Later in 1937 Egaz Moniz performed first angiography while neurologists started to consider connection between carotid and brain lesions, and very soon idea...

Dissolution of the fibrin blood clot is regulated in large part by plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Elevated levels of plasma PAI-1 may be an important risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease and are associated with premature myocardial infarction. The role of the endogenous plasminogen activation system in limiting thrombus formation following atherosclerotic plaque disrupti...