Individual participant time-to-event data from multiple prospective epidemiologic studies enable detailed investigation into the predictive ability of risk models. Here we address the challenges in appropriately combining such information across studies. Methods are exemplified by analyses of log C-reactive protein and conventional risk factors for coronary heart disease in the Emerging Risk Fa...

Bipolar disorder(BD) is major psychiatric disorder characterized by an alternating mood episode such as major depressive episode, hypomanic episode, and manic episode. There have been various genetic studies on BD and previous studies reported several candidate genes considered to be associated with BD. ANK3 has been suggested as a possible susceptible gene of BD. In present study, we investiga...

Cytochrome P450IÕ1 is responsible for the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene in cigarette smoke; an association of lung cancer with DNA polymorphisms of P450IA1 gene was shown in our previous study. In this paper, we investigated the interindividual difference of geneti cally determined susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of the lung in relation to cigarette smoking dose. We tirsi co...

Ecologic (aggregate) data are widely available and widely utilized in epidemiologic studies. However, ecologic bias, which arises because aggregate data cannot characterize within-group variability in exposure and confounder variables, can only be removed by supplementing ecologic data with individual-level data. Here the authors describe the two-phase study design as a framework for achieving ...

INTRODUCTION Sex hormones are well known to increase the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). The CYP17 gene encodes the enzyme cytochrome P450c17, which functions at key steps during the process of human sex steroid hormone synthesis. A T/C polymorphism in the 5 promoter region of the CYP17 gene influences its expression and the resulting serum levels of androgens and estrogens. The aim of t...

Main Outcome Measures: This multicenter casecontrol study compared lifelong occupational and job task histories to determine associations with parkinsonism and certain clinical subtypes (postural instability and gait difficulty and age at diagnosis 50 years). Results: Findings in 519 cases and 511 controls were analyzed. Work in agriculture, education, health care, or welding was not associated...

High frequency of erythrocyte (red blood cell [RBC]) genetic disorders such as sickle cell trait, thalassemia trait, homozygous hemoglobin C (Hb-C), and glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in regions with high incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria and casecontrol studies support the protective role of those conditions. Protection has been attributed to defective parasite gro...

Previous studies had researched the relationship between rs9642880 gene polymorphism and bladder cancer risk, but the results remained unclear. The comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to clarify this possible association. Relevant articles were searched from Pubmed, Embase and web of science. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the ...

OBJECTIVE Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) is an important metabolic enzyme capable of activating several procarcinogens, including dietary and tobacco-specific nitrosamines, which have been linked to pancreatic cancer. Positive associations between high CYP2A6 activity and lung and colorectal cancers have been reported. This is the first investigation of CYP2A6 activity and pancreatic cancer. DE...

Severe anemia is one of the most lethal complications in children infected with Plasmodium falciparum. The pathogenesis of this anemia is not completely understood. Experimental data from malaria-infected humans and animal models suggest that uninfected red cells have a shortened life span. This study looked for changes in the red cell surfaces of children with severe malarial anemia that could...