Parkinson’s disease (PD) is neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta which innervates the dorsal striatum. Using haloperidol induced catalepsy in rat and muscle rigidity in mice effects of aq. extract of Ocimum sanctum (OSEaq) were studied. Haloperidol was administered to induce either short term model (0....

The plants of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae) are widely distributed in most tropical and subtropical countries, and have long been used in traditional medicine to treat various types of diseases. In recent years, the interest in the plant-based medicine has increased noticeably worldwide. In the present study we evaluated the anticataleptic efficacy of ethanol extract of Vernonia cinerea L. in...

In this study, we investigated the antipsychotic-like effect of methanolic extract of Mitragyna speciosa leaf (MMS) using in vivo and ex vivo studies. In vivo studies comprised of apomorphine-induced climbing behavior, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, and ketamine-induced social withdrawal tests in mice whereas the ex vivo study was conducted utilizing isolated rat vas deferens preparation. Acute...

Conditioned avoidance response (CAR) behavior and catalepsy (CAT) are the standard preclinical tests used to predict antipsychotic activity and motor side-effect liability, respectively. Recent data in patients show that striatal dopamine D 2 occupancy predicts antipsychotic response (at 65% D 2 occupancy) and motor side-effects (at greater than 80%). To relate preclinical and clinical findings...

There exists a possibility of interactions of histaminergic system with other neurotransmitters and their receptors in the central nervous system. Experimental evidences suggest a possible inhibitory influence of histaminergic system on the dopaminergic system. To elucidate the possible interaction between the histaminergic and dopaminergic pathways, we devised a strategy to study their effects...