Material characteristics versus the number of electrons in the valence atom shell not used in the previously published papers are presented here. The electric field interaction with the collective electrons and the ion skeletons of the electrode material result in the initiation of the plasma formation (ecton) on the surface of one of the electrodes and the breakdown of the interelectrode gap. ...

Methane-producing bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are a promising technology to convert renewable surplus electricity into the form of storable methane. One of the key challenges for this technology is the search for suitable cathode materials with improved biocompatibility and low cost. Here, we study heat-treated stainless steel felt (HSSF) for its performance as biocathode. The HSSF had su...

Sulfur is an attractive cathode material with a high specific capacity of 1675 mA h g , but its rapid capacity decay due to polysulfide dissociation presents a significant technical challenge. Here, we present the fabrication of a TiO2/S composite cathode by encapsulating elemental sulfur into TiO2 nanotube hosts for high performance lithium–sulfur batteries. A high capacity of 913 mA h g 1 has...

This paper presents in situ characterization of lithium-ion diffusion at nano- to micro-meter scales in a Li-rich layered oxide thin film cathode under external bias by using Electrochemical Strain Microscopy (ESM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. The local variations of the diffusion coefficient are calculated and visualized from the ESM images. The results indicate that the Li-io...

Na energy storage technology is strategically attractive for large scale applications such as grid energy storage. We show in this paper that there is a clear relation between the Jahn−Teller activity of a transition metal ion at the end of charge and the mobility of Na in a cathode material. This is particularly important as mobility at the end of charge limits the capacity of current material...

In this study, a potential ilmenite cathode material Ni0.9TiO3 is designed for efficient CO2 electrolysis in an oxide-ion-conducting solid-oxide electrolyzer. Spatially confined catalysis has been successfully achieved to substantially improve cathode activity by in situ growth of catalytically active nickel nanoparticles on a ceramic skeleton. The combined analysis of XRD, SEM, EDS, XPS, TGA a...

An energy efficient method of concurrent hydrogen gas and struvite (MgNH(4)PO(4)·6H(2)O) production was investigated based on bioelectrochemically driven struvite crystallization at the cathode of a single chamber microbial electrolysis struvite-precipitation cell (MESC). The MESC cathodes were either stainless steel 304 mesh or flat plates. Phosphate removal ranged from 20% to 40%, with higher...

A free-standing sulfur/nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (S/N-CNT) composite prepared via a simple solution method was first studied as a cathode material for lithium/sulfur batteries. By taking advantage of the self-weaving behavior of N-CNT, binders and current collectors are rendered unnecessary in the cathode, thereby simplifying its manufacturing and increasing the sulfur weight ratio in the ...