The interface speci cation of a procedure describes the procedure s behavior using pre and postconditions These pre and postconditions are written using various functions If some of these functions are partial or underspeci ed then the procedure speci cation may not be well de ned We show how to write pre and postcondition speci cations that avoid such problems by having the precondition protec...

H, K, Rb, and Li inhibit Na-dependent alanine influx across the brush border of rabbit ileum. Kinetic analysis indicates that H and K behave as competitive inhibitors of influx so that increasing the concentration of H or K in the mucosal solution is kinetically indistinguishable from decreasing the Na concentration. In addition the coupling between alanine and Na influxes is markedly reduced a...

Recent studies of nuclear spin polarization effects in cyclopropane derivatives have provided considerable information on the structure as well as the spin and charge density distributions in this class of radical ca,tions. In the present work we report an extension of the frontier MO/perturbation MO theory of homoconjugation to include such species in an attempt to rationalize further the expe...

The enzymatic activity of citrate synthase from pig heart can be inhibited by various ions. The order of inhibitory effect of monovalent cations is Li+ > K+ > Na+ > Cs+ and that of anions is SCN> Cl> tartrate. Divalent cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ are much more effective than monovalent cations, but thiocyanate is as effective as divalent cations. ATP is also a potent inhibitor, but dATP has n...

Large libraries pose signi€cant challenges to static points-to analysis. A popular solution is to have a human analyst provide points-to speci€cations that summarize relevant behaviors of library code, which can substantially improve precision and scalability, and furthermore handle missing code such as native code. We propose Atlas, a tool that automatically infers points-to speci€cations. Atl...

Synthesis and cation selectivity of 25, 27, dipropoxy-26, 28, Di-propoxy 5, 11, 17, 23, ptert-butyl Calix[4]arene are studied in acetonitrile solution. The stability constants of differentcomplexes of Calixarene (as a ligand) with alkali metal cations are determined at 25 °C by usingspectrophotometric technique.On the basis of calculations, complexation of Calixarene with Cs+and Li+ are more fa...

First, crystalline NiFe2O4 powder was synthesized on a nanoscale dimension by a simple one-step coprecipitationchemical route, and then used to produce activated carbon/NiFe2O4 nanocomposite. Thestructure and morphology of the as-prepared composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD)pattern, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)...

What are Cation Exchange and Cation Exchange Capacity? Soil clay minerals and organic matter tend to be negatively charged, thus attracting positively charged ions (cations) on their surfaces by electrostatic forces. As a result, the cations remain within the soil root zone and are not easily lost through leaching. The adsorbed cations may easily exchange with other cations in the soil solution...

Reactions of CH(3)F have been surveyed systematically at room temperature with 46 different atomic cations using an inductively coupled plasma/selected-ion flow tube tandem mass spectrometer. Rate coefficients and product distributions were measured for the reactions of fourth-period atomic ions from K(+) to Se(+), of fifth-period atomic ions from Rb(+) to Te(+) (excluding Tc(+)), and of sixth-...