In building construction projects there are 3 factors that used to measure project performance, one of which is cost. Efforts can be made minimize the cost overrun knowing causative and how mitigate them. The purpose this study identify factors, determine dominant causing overrun, efforts methodology in research desk or uses relevant secondary data analysis, such as previous with similar proble...

Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) is a formalism for defining the inventory of lexical and grammatical conventions that language processing requires and the operations with which this inventory is used to parse and produce sentences. This chapter introduces some of the key ideas and basic design principles behind the development of Fluid Construction Grammar.

German case syncretism is often assumed to be the accidental by-product of historical development. This paper contradicts this claim and argues that the evolution of German case is driven by the need to optimize the cognitive effort and memory required for processing and interpretation. This hypothesis is supported by a novel kind of computational experiments that reconstruct and compare attest...

Abstract Middle English had a rich inventory of verbs that could be used as causatives in periphrastic (or analytic) constructions. Interestingly, we see two like do and make , which share several similarities their basic meaning, are both causative verbs. The present paper explores the relationship uses with an infinitive complement period. By means Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), it w...

Fluid Construction Grammar (FCG) is an open-source computational grammar formalism that is becoming increasingly popular for studying the history and evolution of language. This demonstration shows how FCG can be used to operationalise the cultural processes and cognitive mechanisms that underly language evolution and change.