Perennial bioenergy crops are increasingly important for the production of ethanol and other renewable fuels, as part an agricultural system that alters climate through its impact on biogeophysical biogeochemical properties terrestrial ecosystem. Few Earth System Models (ESMs) represent such crops, however. In this study, we expand Energy Exascale Land Model to include perennial with a high pot...

Classical old-field succession studies focused on vegetation changes after the abandonment of annual croplands or on succession after the elimination of cultivated crops. Perennial-crop-mediated succession, where fields are initially covered by perennial crops, reveals alternative aspects of old-field succession theories. We tested the validity of classical theories of old-field succession for ...

Since farmers in developing countries must make sunk investments to produce perennial crops, governments, in the guise of state-run marketing boards, face constraints on maximal sustainable price which can be charged by a marketing board assuming that “punishments” involve reversion to subsistence by untrusting farmers. This maximal price balances concerns about revenue extraction against the i...

Rapid changes in practices used to produce perennial grass seed crops in the U.S. Pacific Northwest region and shortened lengths of time that perennial grass seed fields remain in production have increased the need for additional rotation crops that are adapted to the poorly drained soils found in western Oregon. This research was conducted at three sites to determine ways to manage meadowfoam ...

Pollinators are essential to Pacific Northwest agriculture Commercially managed honey bees pol-­ linate a variety of crops in the Pacific North-­ west, including tree fruits, berries, cucurbits, and crops grown for seed. This activity is economically significant. In 2004, the value of bee-­pollinated crops in the region was approxi-­ mately $1.7 billion (Burgett, 2004). Nation-­ ally, the value...

Although perennial fruit crops represent 1% of global agricultural land, they are of a great economic importance in world trade and in the economy of many regions. The perennial woody nature of fruit trees, their physiological stages of growth, the root distribution pattern, and the presence of herbaceous vegetation in alleys make orchard systems efficient in the use and recycling of nitrogen (...