Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a rare cancer arising from the biliary tree with a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Recent large scale molecular characterisation studies have identified recurrent genetic alterations in CCA which may be amenable to therapeutic targeting. In this review we explore the genomic landscape of CCA and examine results from trials of molecularly targeted agen...

An effective serum biomarker may improve cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) management. Periostin (PN) has been demonstrated to be associated with aggressive CCA. The current study evaluated PN in blood serum for its diagnostic and prognostic potential in patients with CCA. Sera of 68 patients with CCA were collected prior to treatment, and PN levels were measured using an ELISA. Sera from 50 normal cont...

BACKGROUND Up-regulation and association of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) with carcinogenesis and tumor progression has been reported in several malignancies. In the current study, expression of NF-κB in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patient tissues and its clinical significance were determined. The possibility of using NF-κB as the therapeutic target of CCA was demonstrated. METHODOLOGY Expressi...

BACKGROUND CD155, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule, plays an important role in carcinoma such as cells migration, proliferation, metastasis, and tumor immune. The upregulation of CD155 has been found in several human malignancies, but its expression in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) still remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate CD155 expression and its correlations with clini...

Understanding the minimal assumptions from which we can build a publickey encryption scheme secure against chosen-ciphertext attacks (a CCA-secure scheme, for short) is a central question in both practical and theoretical cryptography. Following the large body of work on hardness and correctness amplification, we ask the question of how far we can weaken a CCA-secure encryption scheme so that a...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the national prevalence of cervical cancer (CCA) in women discharged from hospital after delivery, and to examine its associations with birth outcomes. METHODS We did a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of maternal hospital discharges in the United States (1998-2009). We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to identify hospital stays for women who ga...

Several infectious agents are considered to be causes of cancer in human, mainly hepatitis B and C viruses, high-risk human pailloma viruses, Helicobacter pylori, Clonorchis sinensis, and Opisthorchis viverrini. Here we described the evident research and the association between Helicobacter spp. and biliary tract cancer particularly cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Global epidemiological studies have ...

BACKGROUND The relevance of healthcare provider cultural competency to the achievement of goals for reduction in extant health disparities has been demonstrated; however, there are deficits with regard to cultural competency measurement. OBJECTIVES To examine the test-retest reliability of the cultural competence assessment instrument (CCA) among hospice providers, and to examine the reliabil...

Kernel canonical correlation analysis (CCA) is a nonlinear extension of CCA, which aims at extracting information shared by two random variables. In this paper, a new notion of conditional kernel CCA is introduced. Conditional kernel CCA aims at analyzing the effect of variable Z to the dependence between X and Y . Rates of convergence of an empirical normalized conditional cross-covariance ope...

BACKGROUND An increased leukocyte count is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, but the association between leukocyte subtype counts and carotid atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes has not been determined. We therefore investigated the correlation between leukocyte subtype counts and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) in subjects with type 2 dia...