CD4+ Th1 cells produce IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2. These Th1 cytokines play critical roles in both protective immunity and inflammatory responses. In this study we report that sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), but not SPHK2, is highly expressed in DO11.10 Th1 cells. The expression of SPHK1 in Th1 cells requires TCR signaling and new protein synthesis. SPHK1 phosphorylates sphingosine to form sp...

In human vitiligo, cutaneous depigmentation involves cytotoxic activity of autoreactive T cells. It was hypothesized that depigmentation can progress in the absence of regulatory T cells (Treg). The percentage of Treg among skin infiltrating T cells was evaluated by immunoenzymatic double staining for CD3 and FoxP3, revealing drastically reduced numbers of Treg in non-lesional, perilesional and...

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03384-8.

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorders characterized by clonally derived and skin-homingmalignant T cells that express high level of chemokine receptorCCR4,which is associated with their skin-homing capacity. CCR4 is also highly expressed on T-regulatory cells (Tregs) that can migrate to several different types of chemotactic ligand CCL17and CCL22-secr...

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) to IgE is a tightly regulated process central to atopic disease. To profile the B-cell transcriptional responses underlying the activation of the germinal centre activities leading to the generation of IgE, naïve human B-cells were stimulated with IL-4 and anti-CD40. Gene expression and alternative splicing were profiled over 12 days using the Aff...