The global COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous momentum to the field of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. advantages this vaccine platform, such as rapid development and high efficacy, resulted in mRNA vaccines being first approved against COVID-19. Looking forward future vaccines, how can we make even better? While improvements stability formulation cost are inevitable, one main challenges i...

Chick embryos are a great historical research model in basic and applied sciences. Along with other animal models, avian and specifically chicken embryo has been attended, as well. Avian fertilized eggs as a natural bioreactor are an efficient tool for producing recombinant proteins and vaccines manufacturing. Due to the limitations of birds' eggs for viral replication, avian stem cells culture...