historically, central asia and the caucasus has been the source of important developments in the regional and global level. the whole geopolitical theories in the 20th and 21st century paid special attention to this area. geopolitical status of the region has posed challenges for residents and even neighbors of the region. these challenges can be described as the divergence factors. therefore, ...

The need of rehabilitation in sub-acute and non-acute patients has been continuously increased. Rehabilitation services in Thailand are considered only as part of acute care so that the providers are not motivated to provide intensive services to patients because the payment based on diagnosis related group focuses on acute phase. This study aimed to develop an appropriate model for SNAP Casemi...

BACKGROUND There is a continuing trend to have more elective surgical operations performed on an outpatient basis. OBJECTIVE To determine the proportional distribution of anesthetic procedures performed in ambulatory elective surgery at different levels of hospitals across Thailand. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective and descriptive study was conducted at 20 hospitals comprising seven univer...

Genotype A is common in Brazil, North America, Northwest Europe, South Asia, Central Africa, Tunisia and Benin [2,4,5]. Genotype B is common in China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam and United States of America. Genotype C is prevalent in Australia, Polynesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Indonesia, China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, India,...

Differentiation of the fish-borne trematodes belonging to the Opisthorchiidae, Heterophyidae and Lecithodendriidae is important from a clinical and epidemiological perspective, yet it is impossible to do using conventional coprological techniques, as the eggs are morphologically similar. Epidemiological investigation therefore currently relies on morphological examination of adult worms followi...

The study focused on Thai Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the North Region of Thailand. In particular, the need to adopt Electronic Business (E-Business) by Thai SMEs is motivated by the intent to remain competitive. The aims of this study are:(1) to provide a current status of Thai SMEs and EBusiness; (2) to identify inhibitors; and (3) to report drivers for Thai SMEs in E-Business adop...

a case of a compound odontoma which caused delayed eruption of right maxillary central incisor in a ten year old girl is presented with clinical and radiographic findings. the patient presented with complaint of a hard painless swelling in the right anterior region of the maxilla and absence of right maxillary central incisor. after clinical examination, periapical and occlusal radiographs of t...

A survey of biting midges in animal sheds, mangroves and beaches along the Andaman coastal region in southern Thailand between April 2012 and May 2013 collected 10 species of Culicoides which were not previously known from Thailand. These new records are C. arenicola, C. flavipunctatus, C. hui, C. kinari, C. kusaiensis, C. parabubalus, C. quatei, C. spiculae, C. pseudocordiger and C. tamada. An...