globin serves as an intrinsic contrast agent for cerebral veins which contain deoxygenated blood. Other extravascular blood degradation products with paramagnetic properties such as methemoglobin, hemosiderin and ferritin also create a contrast in SWI. In this sequence in order to increase the visualization of the smaller veins, a phase mask obtained from the magnetic resonance (MR) phase image...

Diffuse proliferative cerebral angiopathy is a distinct entity from cerebral arterio-venous malformations; characterized by multiple small arterial feeders and draining veins with normal brain parenchyma seen in-between the abnormal vessels. It is usually seen in younger age group. Here we report a case of diffuse cerebral proliferative angiopathy in a 78-year-old female patient along with disc...

Introduction: The cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) is an important indicator for brain function and disease, including stroke and tumor. CMRO2 can be quantified from measurements of venous oxygen saturation (Yv) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in cerebral veins. Bulk susceptibility measurements based on gradient-echo phase maps have been used to estimate Yv in vivo at 3T [1]. Challenges ...

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common, chronic and progressive vascular disease. The changes affect arterioles, capillaries veins supplying white matter deep structures of brain. It common incidental finding on brain scans, especially in people over 80 years age. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays a key role diagnosis CSVD. nomenclature radiological phenotypes CSVD were pu...

Stroke is a devastating disease. The changes in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism associated with stroke play an important role in pathophysiology study. But the changes were difficult to describe with a single imaging modality. Here the changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and oxygen saturation (SO2) were yielded with laser speckle imaging (LSI) and phot...

We present a patient affected by a rapid neurological decline that was connected to subacute partial thrombosis of the straight sinus and associated with dilated superficial and deep medullary veins. An MRI scan confirmed signal alterations compatible with vascular disease and partial thrombosis of the straight sinus associated with dilated superficial and deep medullary veins of the cerebral w...

Although few patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension develop cerebral venous thrombosis, the association between these two entities seems too common to be simply a coincidental finding. We describe two cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension associated with cerebral venous thrombosis. In one case, extensive cerebral venous thrombosis involved the superior sagittal sinus and mul...

The clinical manifestations of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are highly variable and dependent on the hemodynamic properties location fistula. locations fistula numerous include cavernous sinus, transverse–sigmoid superior sagittal inferior petrosal sinuses, anterior condylar confluence, tentorium, cranial fossa, middle foramen magnum, cranio-cervical junction, convexity, spinal cord. Th...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lack of cerebral circulation is an important confirmatory test for brain death (BD). Conventional angiography remains the standard imaging method, but CT angiography (CTA) is emerging as an alternative. France accepts BD diagnoses relying on a score based on lack of opacification of 7 intracerebral vessels in CTA images. The purpose of this study was to validate the effic...

Background and Purpose—Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) of intracranial veins and sinuses in adults is a new, emerging application of ultrasonographic imaging. This study reports a standardized examination protocol for venous TCCS and provides reference data for clinical application. Methods—In 130 healthy volunteers (mean age, 45.9616.9 years; range, 14 to 77 years) the intrac...