An extensive remodelling process, referred to as cervical ripening, takes place in the cervical tissue during pregnancy and labour. It is recognized as softening and dilation of the cervical canal, and starts as a slow process during pregnancy, becoming rapid close to partum. In this study we focus on cytokines as possible mediators of this final remodelling. mRNA levels for interleukin (IL)-8,...

Seven cynomolgus monkeys underwent a histologically confirmed left superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx). Unilateral ocular sympathetic denervation persisting for at least 2 yr was confirmed by ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, supersensitivity of pupillary dilation to topical phenylephrine, and profound pupillary hyporesponsiveness to topical hydroxyamphetamine. Intraocular pressure 8-9 and 23-27 ...

The mechanical integrity of cervical tissue is crucial for maintaining a healthy gestation. Altered tissue biochemistry can cause drastic changes in the mechanical properties of the cervix and contribute to premature cervical dilation and delivery. We present an investigation of the mechanical and biochemical properties of cervical samples from human hysterectomy specimens. Three clinical cases...

Plummer-Vinson syndrome presents as a classical triad of dysphagia, iron deficiency anemia and upper esophageal web(s). The syndrome usually occurs in adults, and is rare in childhood. We report a case of this syndrome occurring in a 15-year-old boy. He presented with dysphagia and anemia. Radiological examination showed the presence of webs at the cervical esophagus. The boy was treated with e...

Acquired lymphangiectasia (AL) is a permanent dilation of lymphatics, which develops after wide range scarring processes. The etiopathogenesis this entity still unknown but mostly due to lymphatic damage. It was described essentially surgery and/or radiotherapy for cervical or breast cancers. frequently associated with lymphedema. We report an AL in 45-year-old woman who had undergone radical m...

The difficulty of cervical penetration severely limits the use of transcervical AI (TAI) in sheep, and trauma from cervical manipulation (CM) may reduce fertility after TAI. We investigated the effects of cervical dilation using exogenous oxytocin (OT) to facilitate TAI and its effects on reproductive variables after laparoscopic AI (LAI). Estrus was synchronized by inserting pessaries impregna...

In sheep industry, pregnancy rate after artificial insemination (AI) declines due to the complex anatomy of the cervix in ewes, such that it might prevent effective intrauterine insemination. At estrus, cervical relaxation occurs to some degree in ewes, which is regulated by the changes in the levels of reproductive hormones. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of estradiol and intravenous...

A number of recent articles attribute the origin of the use of cervical balloon dilation in the induction of labor to either Barnes in the 1860s or Embrey and Mollison in the 1960s. This review examines the historical record and reveals that, based on current practice attribution should rather be made to two contemporaries of Barnes: the Storer and Mattei. More importantly, Storer's warning abo...

background: according to the text book of obstetrics and gynecology, prematurity is the first cause of perinatal mortality. therefore postponing delivery will become mandatory to prevent complications of prematurity. parental mgso4 is one of the most common and the safest medications for this purpose. case report: we present a primigravida patient with multiple uterine myoma who had premature l...

Hoarseness of voice is a common symptom of many laryngeal and extralaryngeal conditions. It is very crucial to identify the culprit behind it, keeping in mind all the various differentials. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman presenting with complaint of hoarseness of voice. Upon cardiac evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with bicuspid aortic valve, with severe aortic stenosis and dilati...