The present study investigates the difficulty of solving the mathematical problem, namely the DLP (Discrete Logarithm Problem) for ephemeral keys. The DLP is the basis for many public key cryptosystems. The ephemeral keys are used in such systems to ensure security. The DLP defined on a prime field p Z * of random prime is considered in the present study. The most effective method to solve the ...

Chiao-nan (Joyce) Chen, Shang-Ying Lin, Yi-Hung Liao, Zhen-jie Li, and Alice May-Kuen Wong Department of Physical Therapy, Medical School, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan; Department of Exercise and Health Science, College of Human Development and Health, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Ta...

Author details Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, 6, West Section, Chia-Pu Road, Pu-Tz City 613Chia-Yi Hsien, Taiwan. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No. 123, DAPI Rd. Niaosng Dist., Kaohsiung City 83301, Taiwan. Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan. Po-Cheng Orthopedic Insti...

I-Fang Su, Chang-Ming Tsai, Yuan-Ko Huang, Chieh-Ling Huang, Jwu-Jenq Chen, and Yu-Chi Chung a Department of Information Management ,Fortune Institute of Technology, No.1-10, Nongchang Rd., Daliao Township, Kaohsiung County 831, Taiwan (R.O.C.) 2 Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Chang Jung Christian University, 396 Chang Jung Rd., Sec.1, Kway JenTainan 71101, Taiwan (...

In ScaNaLU 2002, Chang et al presented a scalable natural language formalism called Embodied Construction Grammar (ECG) (Chang et al., 2002). ECG makes deep understanding systems possible because it is a rigorous, unified formalism that incorporates the semantic and pragmatic insights found in cognitive linguistics. The work described in this paper builds on (Chang et al., 2002) because it leve...

Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan Chang-Gung Memorial hospital, Department of Nephrology at Linko* Received: March, 2002 Revised: April, 2002 Accepted: May, 2002 Reprint requests address: Chun-Liang Lin, MD, Department of Nephrology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi (613) 6 West, Chia-Pu Road, Pu-tzu City, Chiayi, Taiwan Tel: (05) 3621000 ext. 2762 Fax: (...