The cascade model is a rule induction methodology using the levelwise expansion of the lattice. An attribute-value pair is expressed as an item, and every node in the lattice is specified by an itemset and by its supporting instances. If the distribution of the class attribute values shows a large change along a link in the lattice, the link is represented as a rule "IF added-item-along-link ad...

The methods for isolating the amino-acids yielded by hydrolyzed proteins, as introduced by Kossel and Fischer, and further developed by other workers, have given us most of our present knowledge of the composition of proteins, and still constitute the means of attaining the most complete information concerning their chemical nature. These methods are still encumbered by two inherent difficultie...

Two major models, namely direct and indirect models, have been proposed for the protein chemical denaturation but it remains challenging to experimentally demonstrate and distinguish between them. Here, by use of CD and NMR spectroscopy, we succeeded in differentiating the effects on a small but well-folded protein WW4, of GdmCl and NaSCN at diluted concentrations (≤200 mM). Both denaturants up...

The evaluation of characteristic polynomials of graphs of any size is an extremely tedious problem because of the combinatorial complexity involved in this problem. While particular elegant methods have been outlined for this problem, a general technique for any graph is usually tedious. We show in this paper that the Frame method for the characteristic polynomial of a matrix is extremely usefu...

1 Characteristic 0 We start with a basic question: given a polynomial f ∈ C[z1, · · · , zn] with a singularity at 0, how can we measure the “singularness” of this polynomial in a precise way? In other words: we can look at various singularities and see intuitively that some singularities are worse than others. For instance, it feels like a transverse self-intersection is probably not as bad as ...

In vivo, proteins occur in widely different physio-chemical environments, and, from in vitro studies, we know that protein structure can be very sensitive to environment. However, theoretical studies of protein structure have tended to ignore this complexity. In this paper, we have approached this problem by grouping proteins by their subcellular location and looking at structural properties th...

Mid-infrared spectroscopy is essential for chemical identification and compositional analysis because of the existence characteristic molecular absorption fingerprints. However, it very chall...

To what extent do the characteristic features of a chemical reaction network reflect its purpose and function? In general, one argues that correlations between specific features and specific functions are the key to understanding a complex structure. However, specific features may sometimes be neutral and uncorrelated with any system-specific purpose, function or causal chain. Such neutral feat...

Determination of the Rate Expression and Prediction of Reaction Progress for Irreversible Reactions 12 Integral Methods: Rates Dependent on a Single Constituent 12 Integral Methods: Rates Dependent on a Multiple Constituents 24 Differential Methods 30 Characteristic Reaction Times 32 Analysis of Multiple Simultaneous Reactions 36 Reversible Reactions 36 Reversibility of Reactions and its Relati...

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic polynomials resulting from the molecular graphs used as molecular descriptors in the characterization of the properties of chemical compounds. A formal calculus method is proposed in order to identify the value of the characteristic polynomial parameters for which the extremum values of the squared correlation coefficient are obtained ...