Cyclophosphamide is a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of cancer. Chicken embryo amniotic fluid, vitamin C and coenzyme Q10 have anti-oxidant properties. Total of 70 adult female mice were selected and divided into seven groups. The first group that received 2 ml kg-1 of inactivated amniotic fluid subcutaneously. The second group treated with 75 mg kg-1of cyclophosphami...

Two closely related protein-tyrosine kinases with the characteristics of growth factor receptors were identified by screening a chicken embryo cDNA expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies and were designated Cek2 and Cek3 (chicken embryo kinases 2 and 3). Cek2 and Cek3 are structurally related to Cek1, a chicken basic fibroblast growth factor receptor, and presumably represent r...

Cellular transformation by oncogenic retroviruses encoding protein tyrosine kinases coincides with the tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of multiple protein substrates. Previous studies have shown that tyrosine phosphorylation of a protein of 120 kDa, p120, correlated with src transformation in chicken embryo fibroblasts. Additionally, we previously identified two phosphotyrosine-containing cel...

b-catenin interacts with a number of proteins in di erent important biological processes, including cell adhesion through cadherins, actin organization through fascin, body axis determination through Wnt signaling, tumor suppression through APC, and transcriptional activation through LEF-1. To examine its function in chicken embryogenesis, we isolated the chicken homolog of b-catenin from a chi...

The gonad appears in the early embryo after several events: cells at the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) undergo ingression, begin gonadal differentiation and then retain primordial germ cells (PGCs). Here we show that in the chicken embryo, these events are triggered on the basis of dorsoventral patterning at the medial LPM. Gonadal progenitor cells (GPCs) at the ventromedial LPM initiate gonadog...

A simple objective method to quantify embryo dwarfism induced by infectious bronchitis virus in embryonated chicken eggs has been used to determine endpoints in virus titration and neutralization assays. The eggs and the respective embryos were weighed and embryo:egg weight (EE) ratios were calculated. The EE ratios were compared with the uninoculated control eggs and endpoints could be calcula...

Traditional approaches to assess the immune response of chickens to infection are through animal trials, which are expensive, require enhanced biosecurity, compromise welfare, and are frequently influenced by confounding variables. Since the chicken embryo becomes immunocompetent prior to hatch, we here characterized the transcriptional response of selected innate immune genes to Newcastle dise...

An accumulated turbidity and the presence of many bacilli in the plasma surrounding lepromatous tissue culture explants has been emphasized by Timofejewsky (1) and by Suwo and Kin (2) as indicating the multiplication of free bacilli in the plasma itself. Since this inference seems unwarranted by the observations made during the preceding studies with tissue cultures, it is desired to explain wh...

Chicken heart mesenchymal cells do not proliferate in medium of physiological composition containing plasma (S. Balk, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6606-6610, 1980). To understand the molecular events involved in cell quiescence and in the initiation of cell division under physiological conditions, we examined the differences in the patterns of protein synthesis of quiescent, hormone-stimulated...