It has been documented that firm hierarchies are flattening. CEO span of control has increased significantly over time while the number of levels in the hierarchy has declined. In this paper, we establish a causal effect of foreign competition (using changes in trade costs and trade liberalization) on various characteristics of organizational design. We exploit a unique panel dataset of large U...

It has been documented that firm hierarchies are flattening. CEO span of control has increased significantly over time while the number of levels in the hierarchy has declined. In this paper, we establish a causal effect of competition, from trade liberalization and changing trade costs on various characteristics of organizational design. We exploit a unique panel dataset of large US firms with...

OBJECTIVE Explore professional relationships between Chief Nurse Executives (CNEs) and Chief Executive Officers (CEOs); CNE ethnic diversity; and CNE replacement costs. BACKGROUND Theoretical frameworks - Marilyn Ray's Theory of Bureaucratic Caring, and Turkel's Theory of Relational Complexity espousing economic as well as caring variables. METHODS Exploratory mixed-method descriptive desig...

This study’s objective was to understand how chief executive officers’ (CEOs) gender affects hotel businesses’ survival. Female managers’ influence has already been examined in other sectors, but researchers have not studied women CEOs’ role management and A sample of 2615 Spanish companies during the period 2005–2018 for their survival affected by variables financial aspects, years experience ...

Abstract We study whether firms that are led by chief executive officers (CEOs) with law degrees (lawyer CEOs) have different credit ratings and costs of debt from other firms. Our sample consists Standard & Poor’s 1500 1992 to 2020, 9.2% which lawyer CEOs. find these better ratings, compared On average, their cost is 10% lower than CEOs without legal backgrounds. results robust specificati...

INTRODUCTION American health plans can make a substantial contribution to the control of cardiometabolic risk (CMR), a condition associated with both adverse health outcomes and increased cost of care. Our goal was to determine health plan interest in and ability to provide CMR control services. METHODS In January 2008, America's Health Insurance Plans, in collaboration with the HealthPartner...

This paper investigates the extent to which female Chief Financial Officers (CFOs) affect corporate leverage. We examine CFOs in UK firms and find that they significantly reduce leverage of firm; however, a CFO's ability influence is moderated by senior decision-making environment firm. In particular, are more effective reducing with boards diverse respect gender, nationality age, where Executi...

Abstract The soaring compensation levels of chief executive officers (CEOs) have spurred an intense debate about its outcomes. This paper examines understudied outcome in this regard: employee engagement. Using a dynamic panel model with data from 336 publicly listed firms across 26 countries, we find that engagement is generally unaffected by CEO (over)compensation. However, negative effects e...