Gitelman's syndrome is a hereditary disorder occurring due to loss of functional mutations of the gene encoding the distal convoluted tubule sodium chloride cotransporter (NCCT) and is characterized by hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesemia and hypocalciuria. This case reports an adolescent girl presenting with episodes of carpopedal spasms and difficulty in walking with laboratory tes...

The electrochemical deposition and re-oxidation of solid carbon were studied in CO3(2-) ion-containing molten salts (e.g. CaCl2-CaCO3-LiCl-KCl and Li2CO3-K2CO3) at temperatures between 500 and 800 °C under Ar, CO2 or N2-CO2 atmospheres. The electrode reactions were investigated by thermodynamic analysis, cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry in a three-electrode cell under various conditio...

The sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) has been identified as a key molecule regulating potassium balance. The mechanisms of NCC regulation during low extracellular potassium concentrations have been studied in vitro. These studies have shown that hyperpolarization increased chloride efflux, leading to the activation of chloride-sensitive with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) kinases and their downstrea...

An improved method for internally perfusing the Myxicola giant axon based on removing the axoplasm by dispersing it in KCl-KF salt solutions is described. Proteolytic enzymes are not introduced. With this improved method perfused preparations show long-term stability of their electrical properties and the ability to generate action potentials for many hours. Mean initial values for resting memb...

The Na-K-Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) has been isolated from several species, including Squalus acanthias. A second kidney-specific isoform (NKCC2) has been cloned mainly from higher vertebrates. Here, we have isolated the S. acanthias NKCC2 and found that it is produced in at least four spliced variants (saNKCC2A, saNKCC2F, saNKCC2AF, and saNKCC2AFno8) of approximately 1,090 residues. Ex...

Recent studies have implicated a role of norepinephrine (NE) in the activation of the sodium chloride cotransporter (NCC) to drive the development of salt-sensitive hypertension. However, the interaction between NE and increased salt intake on blood pressure remains to be fully elucidated. This study examined the impact of a continuous NE infusion on sodium homeostasis and blood pressure in con...

Maintenance of a low intraneuronal Cl- concentration, [Cl-]i, is critical for inhibition in the CNS. Here, the contribution of passive, conductive Cl- flux to recovery of [Cl-]i after a high load was analyzed in mature central neurons from rat. A novel method for quantifying the resting Cl- conductance, important for [Cl-]i recovery, was developed and the possible contribution of GABAA and glyc...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the long-term efficacy of intranasal furosemide, an inhibitor of the sodium chloride cotransporter channel at the basolateral surface of the respiratory epithelial cell, vs no therapeutic intervention vs intranasal mometasone furoate, a corticosteroid, in preventing relapses of chronic hyperplastic sinusitis with nasal polyposis. DESIGN Randomized prospective controll...