This paper investigated the effect of inorganic chlorine on the formation of PCDD/Fs from heating polyethylene (PE) in the presence of air. There was an increase in the formation of PCDD/Fs with an increasing amount of metal chlorides except NaCl, which was not observed to have any effects on the formation of PCDD/Fs without the presence of catalysts. Although the levels of PCDD/Fs formation in...

A highly efficient and practical protocol for palladacycle-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of alkynyl carboxylic acids with aryl chlorides was developed. The reaction could proceed smoothly in air within 3 h under optimized reaction conditions (1 mol % of palladacycle, 4 mol % of Xphos, 2.0 equiv of K2CO3 in xylene/H2O), affording the corresponding internal alkynes in mostly good to excellen...

Rhodium(I)-complexes catalyzed the 1,4-conjugate addition of arylzinc chlorides to N-Boc-4-pyridone in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl). A combination of [RhCl(C₂H₄)₂]₂ and BINAP was determined to be the most effective catalyst to promote the 1,4-conjugate addition reactions of arylzinc chlorides to N-Boc-4-pyridone. A broad scope of arylzinc reagents with both electron-withdrawing...

Ligation of the cardiac end of the stomach or of the esophagus in ten dogs produced a severe toxemia, and rapid death. In seven of the animals there occurred a marked rise in the total non-protein nitrogen and urea nitrogen of the blood. The dogs living longest with cardiac obstruction showed a fall in blood chlorides and a rise in the CO(2)-combining power of the plasma. All the dogs with an o...

Alkylidenepyrrolidines 1, 21, 24 and 26 undergo reactions with nitrile oxides and nitrilimines or their precursors to give a range of novel heterocyclic compounds. With alkylidenepyrrolidine ester 1, nitrolic acids give products in which the liberated nitrous acid reacts with the alkylidenepyrrolidine, followed by two cycloadditions to give adducts 3. In contrast, hydroximoyl chlorides give iso...

A highly efficient heterogeneous copper-catalyzed chlorodeboronation of arylboronic acids with inexpensive N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS) was achieved in MeCN in the presence of 10 mol% of L-prolinefunctionalized MCM-41-immobilized copper(I) complex [MCM-41-L-proline-CuCl] under mild conditions, yielding a variety of aryl chlorides in excellent yields. This method proved to be tolerant of a broad ra...

the difficult to handle and store zinc borohydride, zn(bh4)2, is stabilized by supporting it on polyvinylpyridine. this new mild, efficient, selective, and regenerable polymer supported borohydride reducing agent reduces a variety organic compounds such as, aldehydes, a-b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, acid chlorides, epoxides, disulfides, as well as reductive acetylation of carbonyl compounds...

Preparation of 2-fluoroalkylbenzimidazoles from N-aryl trifluoroacetimidoyl (or bromodifluoroacetimidoyl) chlorides and primary amines has been achieved via copper(I)-catalyzed tandem reactions.