Graminaceous cereal crops as well all other green plants require iron (Fe), Fe is a component of heme and [Fe-S] clusters in the photosystems (PSI, PSII) containing pigments (chlorophylls). The interveinal yellowing (Fe chlorosis) growing leaves caused by insufficient uptake internal delivery. In 1970s, Sei-ichi Takagi discovered Fe3+-chelating mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs), whic...