BACKGROUND We previously documented significant decreases in chlorpyrifos concentrations in maternal personal and indoor air samples among pregnant African-American and Dominican women from New York City after the 2000-2001 restrictions on its residential use. OBJECTIVE We undertook a biomarker validation study within the same cohort to evaluate trends over time in multiple biomarkers of pren...

The effect of topically applied chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase and other esterases in heads and decapitated bodies of CSMA and Crawford German cockroaches was examined with spectrophotometric enzyme assay and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The toxicity of chlorpyrifos was greatly reduced in decapitated CSMA male cockroaches with LD50 value 17.1-fold higher than that of normal ...

OBJECTIVES To determine the kinetics of elimination of urinary dialkylphosphate metabolites after oral and dermally applied doses of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos to human volunteers and to determine whether these doses affected plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterase activity. METHOD Five volunteers ingested 1 mg (2852 nmol) of chlorpyrifos. Blood samples were taken over 24 hours ...

This paper describes an in vitro study of three potential acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) reactivators derived from a monoquaternary reactivator pralidoxime. Compounds used were pyridinium-2-aldoxime-4-carbamoyl-N-methyl iodide (TO231), pyridinium-2-aldoxime-4-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methyl iodide (TO237), and pyridinium-2-aldoxime-5-ethoxycarbonyl-N-methyl iodide (TO238). Pralidoxime and obid...

In the present work, six bacterial isolates capable of degrading chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus pesticide) were obtained by enrichment from soil samples collected from the cultivated fields of Rajkot district of Gujarat State. The isolates were capable of growing in the presence of chlorpyrifos, in the concentration range of 60-100 mg/L. The highest value of MIC (100 mg/L) was reported for b...

This study identified three soil bacteria (NRRU-BW3, NRRU-BW3, and NRRU-TV11) that degrade chlorpyrifos, produce indole-3-acetic acid, exopolysaccharides under pesticide stress. The results revealed were as Priestia megaterium Bacillus siamensis NRRU-BW9, amyloliquefaciens NRRU-TV11. These strains showed the ability to acid (IAA) (EPS) in chlorpyrifos. Moreover, these can chlorpyrifos (CP) an a...

The extensive use of insecticides in public health and agriculture sectors is the main reason for development of resistance in fleas associated in domestic rodents. The present work was planned to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of Lambda-cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos and Fenitrothion against rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) infesting rodent species in Giza Governorate, Egypt. The lethal concent...

Chlorpyrifos is a common surface water contaminant in California, USA. We evaluated five years of chlorpyrifos use and surface water monitoring data in California's principal agricultural regions. Imperial County and three central coastal regions accounted for only 10% of chlorpyrifos statewide use, but displayed consistently high aquatic benchmark exceedances (13.2%-57.1%). In contrast, 90% of...

chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate pesticide, is widely used to control pests in agriculture farms and orchards of fruit trees. in this study, the fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos which were determined based on numerical value of 96 h lc 50 . blood was sampled after 10, 20 and 30 days and biochemical parameters including glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, tri...