BACKGROUND Bietti crystalline retinopathy (BCR) is a distinct retinal degenerative disease characterised by retinal degeneration with many yellow-white crystals located mainly at the posterior pole area. Using spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), the structural change in retina was investigated. METHODS Patients diagnosed with BCR (n=12), retinitis pigmentosa (RP, n=292) and...

Planetary nebula axial ratios have been used to investigate the intrinsic structures of sources having elliptical or circular morphologies, using methods previously applied to elliptical galaxies. The results appear to indicate that most such nebulae have intrinsic axial ratios β in the range 0.92→0.75, and that gradients of surface brightness with axial ratio are most consistent with oblate sh...

In this article, crashworthiness performance and crushing behavior of tapered structures with four internal reinforcing plates under axial and oblique dynamic loadings have been investigated. These structures have a tapered form with five cross sections of square, hexagonal, octagonal, decagon and circular shape. In the first step, finite element simulations performed in LS-DYNA were validated ...