Ghrelin is a novel hormone that possesses growth hormone (GH)-releasing, cardiovascular, and metabolic activities. Ghrelin is a unique acylated polypeptide, and the naked peptide, desacyl ghrelin, does not have the activity. This study examines plasma ghrelin concentrations in 41 patients with mild to severe renal diseases. Two kinds of radioimmunoassays were used: amino-terminal immunoreactivi...

Most thyroid hormone determinations in animals are based on immunoassays adapted from those used to test human samples, which may not reflect the actual values of thyroid hormone in horses because of the presence of binding proteins. The aims of the present study were i) to establish a novel radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a more simple and convenient method to separate binding proteins for the me...

Despite considerable research, the pathogenesis of prostate cancer remains poorly understood. Meanwhile, PSA testing has shifted prostate cancer case populations for study to include a greater proportion of asymptomatic and indolent disease. Thus, efforts to identify prostate cancer biomarkers—particularly for aggressive disease—are required to elucidate pathogenesis and aid screening efficacy....

difficult diagnosis in endocrinology, gynecology, and reproductive medicine. to help solve this issue, the rotterdam consensus conference proposed to include the ultrasonographic follicle count as a new diagnostic criterion, in addition to hyperandrogenism and oligo-anovulation. unfortunately, its assessment does not offer sufficient reliability worldwide. objective: to explore the possible rol...

Insulin is the most potent anabolic hormone known and is essential for appropriate tissue development, growth, and maintenance of whole-body glucose homeostasis. This hormone is secreted by the β cells of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in response to increased circulating levels of glucose and amino acids after a meal. Insulin regulates glucose homeostasis at many sites, reducing hepatic g...

INTRODUCTION This article, Part 1 of the Endocrine Society of Australia's position statement on male hypogonadism, focuses on assessment of male hypogonadism, including the indications for testosterone therapy. (Part 2 will deal with treatment and therapeutic considerations.) MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS Key points and recommendations are:Pathological hypogonadism arises due to diseases of the hypoth...

BACKGROUND Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), with its co-receptor Klotho, plays a crucial role in phosphate metabolism. Several recent studies suggested that circulating FGF23 and α-Klotho concentrations might be related to cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with advanced renal failure. PURPOSE Using data from 100 cardiology inpatients who were not undergoing chronic hemodialysis, th...

Placenta protein 14 (PP14), which is the most abundant product of the secretory endometrium, has been proposed as the best biochemical marker of endometrial function in women. In this study, 19 normogonadotrophic women of infertile couples were monitored with serial measurements of concentrations of PP14, gonadotrophins and sex steroids and ultrasound scanning of endometrial thickness throughou...

Replacing grass silage with maize silage results in a fundamental change in the ratio of structural to non-structural carbohydrates with commensurate changes in rumen fermentation patterns and nutrient utilisation. This study investigated the effects of feeding four forage mixtures, namely grass silage (G); 67 g/100 g grass silage + 33 g/100 g maize silage (GGM); 67 g/100 g maize silage + 33/10...