The prevalence of oral tumor has exponentially increased in recent years; however, the effective therapies or prevention strategies are not sufficient. Red mold rice is a traditional Chinese food, and several reports have demonstrated that red mold rice had an anti-tumor effect. However, the possible anti-tumor mechanisms of the red mold rice are unclear. In this study, we examined the anti-tum...

Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by several Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus species. CIT occurs worldwide in different foods and drinks and causes health problems for humans and animals. Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant plasma protein in human circulation. Albumin forms stable complexes with many drugs and xenobiotics; therefore, HSA commonly plays important role in t...

In order to explore the biochemical scope of ochratoxin A-producing penicillia, we screened 48 Penicillium verrucosum isolates for the production of secondary metabolites. Fungal metabolites were analyzed by high-pressure liquid or gas chromatography coupled to diode array detection or mass spectrometry. The following metabolites were identified: ochratoxins A and B, citrinin, verrucolones, ver...

Rice fermented with the mold Monascus purpureus, also known as the red yeast rice (RYR) used in traditional Chinese medicine, contains pharmacologically important monacolins. The prescription statin, lovastatin, is identical to monacolin K, and there is a suspicion of spiking RYR products with lovastatin. Profiling authentic and raw RYR samples has the potential to distinguish the spiked from n...

The linear logistical isobologram is a commonly used and powerful graphical and statistical tool for analyzing the combined effects of simple chemical mixtures. In this paper a nonlinear isobologram model is proposed to analyze the joint action of chemical mixtures for quantitative dose-response relationships. This nonlinear isobologram model incorporates two additional new parameters, Ymin and...

THE name Aspergillus terreus is used by Thom and Church [1918; 1926] to cover a series of strains which have a number of well-marked morphological features in common, but which show a certain amount of variation in colour and type of growth. The conidial colour may range from pale cinnamon to fairly deep brown; the texture of the surface growth may vary from smooth velvety to definitely floccos...

The fermentation process in general is a kind of non-linear and time-variant system. It is necessary to determine optimal conditions in the fermentation process with multiple performance characteristics In this study, a Grey-based Taguchi Method was applied to find the optimal conditions of medium composition to enhance the production of biomass, monacolin K, pigments synthesis, and to reduce t...