in recent decades, the city development and city settlement have been tremendous. this has caused unequal physical and spatial expansion. the 21st century is the century of the city and living in city and almost half of the world population live as citizen. a glance at forecasting the data and statistics in 1400 shows an estimation of 130 millions of population and the calculation of present ci...

Abstract Background Most older adults prefer to continue living at home despite increasing care needs and demand for services. To aid in maintaining independence, integrated models community-dwelling people are promoted as the most cost-effective approach. The implementation of such is challenging often end-users not involved or their considered. We conducted a population survey order understan...

The UK EPC scheme was established in 2007 as a response to the European Union Directive 2002/91/EC (Council of the European Union 2002), which aims to promote improvements on building energy efficiency and requires member states to develop their own scheme of evaluating and labelling the energy performance of buildings (UK Government 2007; Department for Communities and Local Government 2014b)....

reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions have become a worldwide necessity. iran has the sixteenth ranking position of global greenhouse gas emissions and its rate of growth is above global average. built environments are responsible for about 40% of energy consumption and it is generally approved that the greatest portion of built environment is dedicated to residential land us...

background: radon, an invisible, odorless, heaviest (nine times heavier than air) and radioactive gas is an aberration (the only gas in the long decay chain of heavy metal elements). it is ubiquitously present in dwellings and in the environment. humans receive the greatest radiation dose in their homes. that's where they spend most time - typically 70%, more for small children. recent wor...

INTRODUCTION Demographic changes as a result of evacuation in the acute phase of the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster are not well evaluated. We estimated post-disaster demographic transitions in Minamisoma City-located 14-38 km north of the nuclear plant-in the first month of the disaster; and identified demographic factors associated with the population remaining in the affected areas. MATER...

Background: Area-level socioeconomic conditions are associated with epidemic rates of viral hepatitis and HIV amongst urban injection drug users (IDUs), but whether specific socioeconomic markers are uniformly related to IDU outcomes across different urban environments is unclear. We evaluated whether injection behaviour is differentially related to neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics f...

historic urban areas are a significant part of each city not only due to having irreplaceable cultural and social resources, but also due to their attractive patterns of life. they have being threatened by strong development trends. this paper aims to investigate the impacts of redevelopment trends in the historic city of shiraz, iran. the paper begins by highlighting historical development in ...