While many tree species occur across the Coastal Plain of southeastern United States, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris C. Lawson) savannas and woodlands once dominated this region. To quantify pine’s past primacy trends in Plain, we combined seven studies consisting 255,000 trees from land surveys, conducted between 1810 1860 with other descriptions historical forests, including change to present...

OPTIMAL INTERVAL FOR STOCHASTIC CLEARING SYSTEMS Shoichi Nishimura University of Tsukuba (Received March 8, 1978; Revised September 8, 1978) Stochastic clearing systems can be applied to bulk-service queue and demand-responsive public-service systems. Customers (input) arrive at a service facility and form a queue waiting to be served. When a server arrives at a service facility, waiting custom...

We study three generic clearing arrangements in the presence of two-sided limited commitment: simple bilateral clearing, segregated collateral through a third party, and—most sophisticated—central counterparty (CCP) clearing. Clearing secures settlement obligations from over-the-counter forward contracts that smooth income risk-averse traders. requires to guarantee settlement; this is costly, a...

Fluorescence microscopy is commonly used to investigate disease progression in biological tissues. Biological tissues, however, are strongly scattering in the visible wavelengths, limiting the application of fluorescence microscopy to superficial (<200µm) regions. Optical clearing, which involves incubation of the tissue in a chemical bath, reduces the optical scattering in tissue, resulting in...

In this study two actual types of problems are considered and solved: 1) determining the maximum common connected fragment of the T-tree (T-directed tree) which does not change with time; 2) determining all maximum common connected fragments of the T-tree (T-directed tree) which do not change with time. The choice of the primary study of temporal directed trees and trees is justified by the wid...