Objective of Research: : This research program has four major modeling elements: climate change and variability, electrical energy demand and production, regional air pollution, and human health effects associated with air pollution exposure. Our overall objective is to develop a scientifically credible modeling facility that will help policy makers and analysts understand the effects of human ...

because of the role of climate parameters in climate change and improve the efficiency of climate and rainfall prediction models, the study of these parameters are very important in the world. the study of clouds have special important, because the clouds make connection between the synoptic patters and surface climate conditions and any change in its properties, can start a chain reaction in o...

Validation of the decadal to centennial timescale variability of coupled climate models is limited by the scarcity of long observational records. Proxy indicators of climate, such as tree rings, ice cores, etc., can be utilized for this purpose. This study presents a quantitative comparison of the variability of the third version of the Hadley Centre ocean–atmosphere coupled model with a networ...

The distribution of radiocarbon (C) in the ocean and atmosphere has fluctuated on time scales ranging from seasons to millennia. It is thought that these fluctuations partly reflect variability in the climate system, offering a rich potential source of information to help understand mechanisms of past climate change. Here, a long simulation with a new, coupled model is used to explore the mecha...

The Blue Nile (Abay) Highlands of Ethiopia are characterized by significant interannual climate variability, complex topography and associated local climate contrasts, erosive rains and erodible soils, and intense land pressure due to an increasing population and an economy that is almost entirely dependent on smallholder, low-input agriculture. As a result, these highland zones are highly vuln...

Increased forest fire activity across the western continental United States (US) in recent decades has likely been enabled by a number of factors, including the legacy of fire suppression and human settlement, natural climate variability, and human-caused climate change. We use modeled climate projections to estimate the contribution of anthropogenic climate change to observed increases in eigh...

How fast does biodiversity respond to climate change? The relationship of past and current climate with phylogenetic assemblage structure helps us to understand this question. Studies of angiosperm tree diversity in North America have already suggested effects of current water-energy balance and tropical niche conservatism. However, the role of glacial-interglacial climate variability remains t...

Interest in climatic variability on time-scales of decades to centuries has grown rapidly in the last five years. Some of this interest has been engendered by the need to gain a better understanding of natural climatic variability in order to resolve more clearly the climatic signature of enhanced greenhouse warming. However, this focus on decadal and interdecadal fluctuations in climate has al...