The genetic and morphological development of colorectal cancer is a paradigm for tumorigenesis. However, the dynamics of clonal evolution underpinning carcinogenesis remain poorly understood. Here we identify multipotential stem cells within human colorectal adenomas and use methylation patterns of nonexpressed genes to characterize clonal evolution. Numerous individual crypts from six colonic ...

Clonal expansion of T cell specificities in the synovial fluid of patients has been taken as evidence for a local stimulation of T cells. By studying the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of CD4+ T cells in the synovial and peripheral blood compartments of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we have identified clonally expanded CD4+ populations. Expanded clonotypes were present in the...

Desertification is a global environmental problem, and arid dunes with sparse vegetation are especially vulnerable to desertification. One way to combat desertification is to increase vegetation cover by planting plant species that can realize fast population expansion, even in harsh environments. To evaluate the success of planted species and provide guidance for selecting proper species to st...

Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC) often develop second carcinomas elsewhere in the upper aerodigestive tract. Some of these paired tumors share a common origin, reflecting the ability of a single progenitor cell to replicate, expand, and populate contiguous regions of the upper aerodigestive tract-a process referred to as clonal expansion. The geographical limit...

OBJECTIVES Enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) is a rare non-Hodgkin lymphoma that may complicate coeliac disease and typically occurs in patients with refractoriness to the gluten-free diet. The majority of these patients harbour a clonal expansion of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) with an aberrant phenotype in the small intestine which are thus considered as the 'precursor' lymp...

Human NK cells are distinguished into CD56(bright)CD16(-) cells and CD56(dim)CD16(+) cells. These two subsets are conventionally associated with differential functional outcomes and are heterogeneous with respect to the expression of KIR and CD94/NKG2 heterodimers that represent the two major types of HLA-class I-specific receptors. Recent studies indicated that immature CD56(bright) NK cells, ...

We evaluated three possible functions of clonal growth related to genet persistence in the root-suckering understory tree pawpaw, Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal: (1) risk spreading through multiplication of stems, (2) enhanced establishment and survival of new stems, and (3) horizontal expansion growth of patches. The number, diameter growth, and spatial distribution of annual stem recruits were ex...

Philadelphia chromosome-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), which include polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis, are characterized by clonal proliferative hematopoiesis with increased blood cell count. Clonal expansion mechanisms in MPN and related disorders such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remain to be elucidated. Although mutations in the JAK2...

Introduction Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has revolutionized the care of HIV-infected individuals (1). Although cART effectively suppresses virus replication and prevents morbidity and mortality from HIV-related complications, cART regimens do not eradicate infection, and continuous therapy is required to prevent rebound viremia and disease progression. Prolonged cART is associated...