The high lung cancer rate in Xuan Wei, China, is associated with smoky coal use in unvented homes, but not with wood or smokeless coal use. Smoky coal combustion emits higher polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations than wood combustion. This study used DNA adducts as biomarkers for human exposure to PAH from combustion emissions. DNA adducts were determined by enzyme-linked immunos...

Haze weather has become a serious environmental pollution problem which occurs in many Chinese cities. One of the most critical factors for the formation of haze weather is the exhausts of coal combustion, thus it is meaningful to figure out the causation mechanism between urban haze and the exhausts of coal combustion. Based on above considerations, the fault tree analysis (FAT) approach was e...

Designing pulverized coal combustion simulation and visualization systems is still a complex task. The current solutions, such as the commercial CFD packages are focused on the precision of the computation. Our solution is suited to the education and computer graphics area, where the precision does not take the first, but also not the last place. The main factor in our solution utilizes the int...

In the past, acid mine drainage (AMD) associated with coal mining operations and the disposal of coal refuse have been a driving force behind research efforts on the properties of coal combustion products (CCPs) [1]. The results from research over the last 15 years clearly indicate that bulk-blended CCP has the potential to ameliorate AMD production in coal refuse as long as acid-base balance c...

This report describes work completed during the eleventh quarter of a DOE-funded study of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion. Accomplishments included repairs and improvements to the laboratory combustor, collection of deposits and observation of deposition behavior as a function of operating conditions, and analysis of deposit samples collected under both stage...

Simulations and experiments have been carried out to investigate heat transfer and thermodynamic processes in coal-bearing strata in order to quantitatively understand the development of underground coal fires under the spontaneous combustion condition. With the controlled temperature and under lean oxygen conditions, the thermodynamic parameters for coal oxidation at different stages are exper...

The pulp and paper industry, which is a strategic economic sector in Europe, is very demanding in terms of energy and water. The high water consumption results in the generation of large volumes of wastewater, which must be treated to accomplish with regulations. Therefore, sludge is unavoidable generated and its management is a key issue for the pulp and paper industry. Given prohibitions on l...

In this work, a model for the nitrogen chemistry in the oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal has been developed. The model is a chemical reaction engineering type of model with a detailed reaction mechanism for the gas-phase chemistry, together with a simplified description of the mixing of flows, heating and devolatilization of particles, and gas solid reactions. The model is validated by co...

Pulverized coal boilers, commonly used in the power and heat-generating industries, constitute one of the most important sources of fine particulate matter (PM) emitted to ambient air. The evidence on airborne PM and its public health impact is consistent in showing adverse health effects at exposures currently experienced by urban populations in both developed and developing countries [1]. The...

The evaluation of the potential public and occupational health hazards of developing and existing combustion processes requires a detailed understanding of the physical and chemical properties of effluents available for human and environmental exposures. These processes produce complex mixtures of gases and aerosols which may interact synergistically or antagonistically with biological systems....