The beautiful coast of Kerala is as much a part of the unique dynamics of Kerala's social history as its natural history. The several ports on the coast facilitated commercial and cultural links of a population confined between the idyllic Western Ghats ranges and the Arabian Sea. These links extended to almost all the major ancient civilizations in the world. The fortuitous winds blowing over ...

Anthropogenic activity has a negative impact on many coastal ecosystems, compromising the significant direct and indirect socio-economic benefits provided in these areas. Maintaining activities that depend on coastal zones while preserving the ecological state of the ecosystems represents a management challenge. Management of coastal zones requires scientifically based knowledge, due to the com...

oxygen minimum zone dynamic coastal and shelf fronts thermocline tidal mixing runoff high energy turbidity daily–seasonal fluctuations in temperature & salinity ± high productivity halocline shelf break