Time-series of allele frequencies are a useful and unique set of data to determine the strength of natural selection on the background of genetic drift. Technically, the selection coefficient is estimated by means of a likelihood function built under the hypothesis that the available trajectory spans a sufficiently large portion of the fitness landscape. Especially for ancient DNA, however, oft...

This paper presents a new general subfamily NΣmu,v(η,μ,γ,ℓ) of the family Σm that contains holomorphic normalized m-fold symmetric bi-univalent functions in open unit disk D associated with Ruscheweyh derivative operator. For belonging to introduced here, we find estimates Taylor–Maclaurin coefficients am+1 and a2m+1, consequences results are discussed. The current findings both extend enhance ...

In the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), beta coefficient is a very important parameter to be estimated. The most commonly used estimating methods are the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and some Robust Regression Techniques (RRT). However, these traditional methods make strong as sumptions which are unrealistic. In addition, The OLS method is very sensitive to extreme observations, while the RR...

HIV adaptation to a host in chronic infection is simulated by means of a Monte-Carlo algorithm that includes the evolutionary factors of mutation, positive selection with varying strength among sites, random genetic drift, linkage, and recombination. By comparing two sensitive measures of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the number of diverse sites measured in simulation to patient data from one...

Healy (1962) showed that the variance of a growth measurement was inflated when calculated from a sample spanning an age range during which the average value of the measurement changed. Using a reasonable set of assumptions, he showed how a correction factor could be calculated in order to obtain an unbiased estimate of the ' instantaneous' variance. The present note extends Healy's results to ...