Rapid-solidification method was applied to make Fe-15at%Ga and Fe-17at%Ga ribbons of 100 μm thickness. These ribbons have large magnetostriction of 270 ppm, where the coercive force exhibits a maximum value. The phenomenon is related to special metallic texture, that is, the ribbon has strongly [001]-oriented textured fine columnar microstructure with grain size of 2~5 μm. The ribbon has little...

In this work, we apply nano-embossing technique to form a stagger structure in ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate [Pb(Zr0.3, Ti0.7)O3 (PZT)] films and investigate the ferroelectric and electrical characterizations of the embossed and un-embossed regions, respectively, of the same films by using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Radiant Technologies Precision Material Analyzer. Attribu...

A physics based compact model describing the fatigue behavior of ferroelectric capacitors has been developed. Fatigue is a gradual decrease of detectable polarization with increasing number of polarization cycles. This can be caused by trapped charges which pin dipoles near the interface to the electrode. In order to polarize those pinned dipoles they have to be separated from the trapped charg...

The Landau-Ginzburg theory of ferroelectricity predicts the intrinsic coercive field for polarization reversal, but the observed extrinsic coercive field is always much smaller as a result of nucleation, dynamic processes not covered by the static theory. We have realized the intrinsic coercive field for the first time, in two-dimensional Langmuir-Blodgett polymer films as thin as 1 nm. The mea...

Methods Interviews with staff members were conducted focusing on a coercive measure they had carried out shortly before. The half-structured interview questioned how severely the patient's human rights were restricted during the coercive measure. We measured the restriction of human rights by a scale developed for this purpose, Human DIgnity during COercive Procedures, DICOP. It consists of the...

the existence of periodic solutions is related to the coercive conditions of F t, u on u. This fact is first noticed by Berger and Schechter 1 who use the coercive condition F t, u → −∞ as |u| → ∞, uniformly for a.e. t ∈ 0, T . Subsequently, Mawhin andWillem 2 consider it by using more general coercive conditions of an integral form. More precisely, they assume that F t, u : 0, T × R → R is bou...