BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between occupational category and 3 health-related behaviors: participation in leisure-time physical activity, active transport (AT) and occupational sitting in a sample of employed Australian adults. METHODS A random, cross-sectional sample of 592 adults aged 18 to 71 years completed a telephone survey in October/November 2006....

OBJECTIVES A well-known demographic finding in modern society is the inverse association between socioeconomic status and mortality. The purpose of the study was to examine socioeconomic indicators, such as occupational category (white-collar vs blue -collar) and occupational position (managerial vs non-managerial) as determinants of all -cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality...

In 1973, 502 employees in three metal industry plants, stratified by age, sex, and occupational class, were examined for physical workload by interview and observation at the workplace and for musculoskeletal disorders by questionnaire, interview, and clinical examination. Five years later, 88% of the sample were re-examined for their musculoskeletal status. The work of the blue collar groups w...

An experimental approach was carried out to study the time development and extension of scouring around a circular pier protected by a collar. The experiments included the study of scouring around an unprotected pier as well as the pier protected with collars located at different levels. Width of collars was 3 times the pier diameter. It was found that with collars, though the scour depth and t...

Possibly the most significant recent development in criminology, especially since World War II, has been the emergence of the concept "white-collar" crime as an area of scientific inquiry and theoretical speculation. It is true, of course, that this crime itself is not wholly new; robber barons have been exposed in the past, and muckrakers have long decried corruption and venality in high place...

White-collar crime is financial crime committed by upper-class members of society for personal or organizational gain. White-collar criminals are individuals who tend to be wealthy, highly educated and socially connected, and they are typically employed by, and within, legitimate organizations. Ever since Edwin Sutherland first introduced the concept of “white-collar” crime in 1939, researchers...

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and referred pain area of trigger points (TrPs) in blue-collar (manual) and white-collar (office) workers, and to analyze if the referred pain pattern elicited from TrPs completely reproduces the overall spontaneous pain pattern. METHODS Sixteen (62% women) blue-collar and 19 (75% women) white-collar workers were included in this study. TrPs in the tempora...

This study examines the roles and functions of businesses, labor-exporting countries’ representative offices in Taiwan, religious organizations, and manpower agencies in promoting occupational safety and health (OSH). It also offers advice to Taiwanese authorities on making policies and improvements regarding the oversight mechanism mandated by the Labor Safety and Health Act, giving them an id...

Artificial barriers, such as nest boxes and metal collars, are sometimes used, with variable success, to exclude predators and/or competitors from tree nests of vulnerable bird species. This paper describes the observed response of captive stoats (Mustela erminea) to a nest box design and an aluminium sheet collar used to protect kaka (Nestor meridionalis) nest cavities. The nest box, a prototy...