The procedures for classical and operant conditioning, and for many timing procedures, involve the delivery of reinforcers that may be related to the time of previous reinforcers and responses, and to the time of onsets and terminations of stimuli. The behavior resulting from such procedures can be described as bouts of responding that occur in some pattern at some rate. A packet theory of timi...

Males and females of nearly all animals differ in their body size, a phenomenon called sexual size dimorphism (SSD). The degree and direction of SSD vary considerably among taxa, including among populations within species. A considerable amount of this variation is due to sex differences in body size plasticity. We examine how variation in these sex differences is generated by exploring sex dif...

The quality attributes and storage life of ‘Jinhwang’ mango fruit can be effectively maintained with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application and/or chitosan coating. ‘Jinhwang’ mango fruit was treated with 5 μl l 1-MCP for 12 h, dipped with 0.5 % chitosan, 5 μl l 1-MCP combine with 0.5 % chitosan and untreated (control) then stored at 10C. Mango treated with 1-MCP maintained firmness, sucrose ...

In this paper, a dual perturb and combine algorithm is proposed which consists in producing the perturbed predictions at the prediction stage using only one model. To this end, the attribute vector of a test case is perturbed several times by an additive random noise, the model is applied to each of these perturbed vectors and the resulting predictions are aggregated. An analytical version of t...

The sending rate of commonly used TCP protocols is tightly coupled to packet loss within the network: a high rate of packet loss will cause a sender to slow down, thereby reducing the network load and decreasing subsequent packet loss rates. In this paper, we combine a widely verified source rate TCP model with an Optical Burst Switching (OBS) loss model, to find fixed-point input loads and los...

Combining logics has become a rapidly expanding enterprise that is inspired mainly by concerns about modularity and the wish to join together tailor made logical tools into more powerful but still manageable ones. A natural question is whether it o ers anything new over and above existing standard languages. By analysing a number of applications where combined logics arise, we argue that combin...

We claim that combining “things”, whatever these things are, is made easier if these things can be seen as the objects of a category. Then things are related by morphisms, and the categorical machinery provides various tools for combining things, typically limits and colimits, as well as other constructions. What should be required from an object in a category to call it a logic? The analysis o...

ion and concretization could also be performed with respect to other parameters, not only spatial location. For example the mechanisms for saccade target position (LIP, FEF, superior SC) are separated from mechanisms that are responsible for saccade execution timing (basal ganglia). One could say that the spatial representation of a saccade target is abstracted from its timing, and vice versa. ...