Engine management systems (EMS) need feedback on combustion performance to optimally control internal combustion engines. Ion sensing is one of the cheapest and most simple methods for monitoring the combustion event in a spark ignited engine, but still the physical processes behind the formation of the ionization current are not fully understood. The goal here is to investigate models for ioni...

laminar counterflow diffusion flames provide useful information about basic properties of non-premixed combustion. a lot of studies have been performed on h2/o2 counterflow. most of previous studies include undiluted or diluted systems of hydrogen (with co2 or n2) against an air flow under a variety of conditions such as strain rates, inlet temperature and pressure. the main purpose of this res...

The Cluster of Excellence (CoE) ̈Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass ̈ (TMFB) takes an interdisciplinary research approach towards new synthetic fuels based on biomass feedstock. New target-designed synthesis pathways, employing novel catalytic systems, reaction solvents and tightly integrated production processes, which embed intensified process units for fuel production, are considered to create new...

The formation of PCDD/Fs (dioxins/furans) due to incomplete combustion in solid waste incinerators has caused tremendous public concern. Consequently, more stringent standards for combustion and emission control have been implemented in order to mitigate the formation of these substances. This change in regulations will inevitably result in shutting down many small-scale incinerators because of...

In order to directly control the premixed combustion phasing, a Jet Controlled Compression Ignition (JCCI) for diesel premixed compression ignition systems is investigated. Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder natural aspirated diesel engine without EGR at 3000 rpm. Numerical models were validated by load sweep experiments at fixed spark timing. Detailed combustion characteristics we...

In recent years, a large number of linear and nonlinear laser-based diagnostic techniques for non-intrusive measurements of species concentrations, temperatures, and gas velocities in a wide pressure and temperature range with high temporal and spatial resolution were developed and have become extremely valuable tools to study many aspects of combustion. Nonlinear laser spectroscopic techniques...

This article makes the argument that compression ignition combustion processes that are “flameless” with volumetric energy release, described as Low Temperature Combustion (LTC), are a thermodynamic pathway to maximizing the efficiency of reciprocating piston, internal combustion engines. The argument is built from the foundation of determining the maximum theoretical efficiency for an IC Engin...

The application of ion current signals is one of the most recent approaches in engine management systems. By applying a small constant DC voltage across the electrodes of the spark plug and measuring the current through the electrode gap, the state of gas may be measured and investigated. In this paper a computer code is developed in order to analyze the state of gas during the combustion p...

Constant mean curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces in a compact Riemannian manifold (Mm+1, g) constitute an important class of submanifolds and have been studied extensively. In this paper we are interested in degenerating families of such submanifolds which ‘condense’ to a submanifold Kk ⊂ Mm+1 of codimension greater than 1. It is not hard to see that the closer a CMC hypersurface is (e.g. in the Hau...