A PLL circuit includes phase detector for detecting phase error between an input and output signal of the PLL circuit and outputting pump up and pump down signal. A charge pump generates a charge pump signal in response to pump up and pump down signals. A loop filter filters charge pump signal to generate a filtered signal. A boost-up device coupled to loop filter output terminal charges a loop...

recently, special type of fuel cells has been developed that operates in a dead end mode. working in this condition, the dead-end fuel cell is supplied withhydrogen almost at the same rate of consumption. it is noteworthy to mention thatall of the water transport mechanisms have been considered in this simulation.water accumulation that is directly proportional to the cell current is of a great...

This paper describes a 1GHz differential to single-ended amplifier for instrumentation. The unity gain amplifier can directly drive a 50Ω load with a common-mode voltage centered at ground and can accept up to a 1 VP-P input signal. The measured noise floor is below 20nV/√Hz for most of the bandwidth and the common-mode rejection is 20dB at 1GHz.

Abstract. Eliminating the leakage current is one of the most important issues for transformerless inverters in grid-connected photovoltaic system applications, where the technical challenge is how to keep the system common-mode voltage constant to reduce the leakage current. A novel singlephase three-level topology for transformerless photovoltaic systems is presented in this paper. Compared wi...

A novel low-voltage two-stage operational amplifier employing resistive biasing is presented. This amplifier implements neutralization and correction common mode stability in second stage while employs capacitive dc level shifter and coupling between two stages. The structure reduces the power consumption and increases output voltage swing. The compensation is performed by simple miller method....

Present day IGBT based power adjustable speed drives have fast turn-ON and turn-OFF times results in high dv/dt being applied to the motor terminals. The high dv/dt switching waveforms along with travelling wave effects of long cables stress motor insulation, cause high ground currents and affects the motor bearings. These issues are exacerbated in PWM Active Front End (AFE) rectifier based mot...

A new current source for low-voltage applications is proposed. This current source is well suited for biasing differential pairs and source followers. Measured compliance voltage is slightly smaller than that of a single transistor. Its output resistance is a factor of 25 larger than that of a single transistor current source and was measured to be 8 M : The use of the new current source improv...