6 Lie Derivatives and the Commutator Revisited 21 6.1 Integral Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.2 Congruence of Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6.3 The Commutator Revisited: A Geometric Interpretation . . . 22 6.4 Lie Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 6.5 Lie Derivatives of a Function . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Let I denote the commutator ideal in the free associative algebra on m variables over an arbitrary field. In this article we prove there are exactly m! finite Gröbner bases for I , and uncountably many infinite Gröbner bases for I with respect to total division orderings. In addition, for m = 3 we give a complete description of its universal Gröbner basis. Let A be a finite set and let K be a f...

We prove the regularity of weak 1/2−harmonic maps from the real line into a sphere. The key point in our result is first a formulation of the 1/2−harmonic map equation in the form of a non-local linear Schrödinger type equation with a 3-terms commutators in the right-hand-side . We then establish a sharp estimate for these 3-commutators.

Let K be the kernel of an epimorphism G→ Z, where G is a finitely presented group. If K has infinitely many subgroups of index 2, 3 or 4, then it has uncountably many. Moreover, if K is the commutator subgroup of a classical knot group G, then any homomorphism from K onto the symmetric group S2 (resp. Z3) lifts to a homomorphism onto S3 (resp. alternating group A4).

For a given prime p, what is the smallest integer n such that there exists a group of order p in which the set of commutators does not form a subgroup? In this paper we show that n = 6 for any odd prime and n = 7 for p = 2.

The fact that symbols in the modulation space M1,1 generate pseudo-differential operators of the trace class was first mentioned by Feichtinger and the proof was given by Gröchenig [12]. In this paper, we show that the same is true if we replace M1,1 by more general α-modulation spaces which include modulation spaces (α = 0) and Besov spaces (α = 1) as special cases. The result with α = 0 corre...

We show that if an operator T is bounded on weighted Lebesgue space L(w) and obeys a linear bound with respect to the A2 constant of the weight, then its commutator [b, T ] with a function b in BMO will obey a quadratic bound with respect to the A2 constant of the weight. We also prove that the kth-order commutator T k b = [b, T k−1 b ] will obey a bound that is a power (k + 1) of the A2 consta...