Background: Raising breast cancer awareness is a key strategy to reduce associated mortality. While a paucity of adequately validated instruments for breast cancer awareness is applicable across cultures, even outside the health care setting such instruments have been developed. Objective: This study investigated the validity and psychometric properties of a breast cancer awareness scale in Ind...

Background: We developed a supplemental version of the Psychiatric Nurse Job Stressor Scale (PNJSS) to assess job stressors related to difficulty in supporting the future lives of patients, physical environment of the psychiatric ward and medical accidents in the psychiatric ward and tested its reliability and validity. Methods: We made a questionnaire of 11 items and analyzed the responses fro...

OBJECTIVE To study the psychometric characteristics of German version of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and to compare its dimensionality to other language versions in order to understand the instrument's potential for cross-national studies. DESIGN Cross-sectional multicentre study to establish psychometric properties of German version of the survey instrument. SETTING 73 un...

Background: Transtheoretical model (TTM) has been recognized as a common theoretical model in researches in terms of addictive behaviors. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian brief version of the TTM for hookah tobacco smoking cessation in a sample of Iranian rural adults who were in the preparation stage for hookah cessation.Methods: This was a valida...

according to amount of oil seeds import in iran are more than 80% of domestic needs, in this study, import comparative advantage in soybeans using rca and rsca index is calculated in 1961-2008 periods for iran and ten important importer countries. iran’s competition state is investigated. also long run relation between production and import comparative advantage index is estimated using johanse...

WASHINGTON (AP) — Democrats promised Thursday to speed an economic recovery package through Congress, but vowed to rearrange President Bush’s budget proposal to ben­ efit m iddle-income Americans, not the rich. “ Democrats w ill not obstruct, but we w ill try to improve the p re s id e n t’s p acka ge ,” sa id House Majority Leader Richard Gephardt, D-Mo., as the Budget Committee began hearings...

OBJECTIVE To examine the direct and mediated relationships between religious coping, spirituality, social developmental factors, and violence among high-risk and gang-involved youth in a high-crime, Latin American country. METHODS Using a community sample of 290 high-risk and gang-involved youth in San Salvador, El Salvador, structural equation modeling was employed to examine the relationshi...