We describe a 42-year-old man with complete duplication or extreme fenestration of the basilar artery. We review the developmental anatomy and embryology and discuss the possible clinical implications and associated findings of this anomaly.

Prenatal sonographic features of the rare anomaly of complete duplication of the urinary bladder and urethra are described in this case report. A coronal scan of the fetal pelvis at 29 weeks of gestation revealed two pyriform cystic structures. The umbilical arteries coursed around both of them. They emptied independently of each other. Postnatally the newborn had two vulvae, two anal openings,...

A case of complete duplication of the bladder and urethra in a girl is reported, demonstrating outlet obstruction in the bladder on the left side. Associated anomalies and pertinent literature are reviewed.

INTRODUCTION Urethral duplication (UD) is a rare congenital anomaly with multiple anatomical variants. CASE PRESENTATION In this article we present a four year-old child with complete UD. The patient was admitted for hypospadias repair, in evaluation we found type IIA1 UD according to Effmann classification. Patient underwent hypospadias repair saving complete UD. CONCLUSIONS After one year...

Background: Duplication of the gastrointestinal tract is a rare congenital disorder in pediatric patients. Complete resection case total tubular duplication that requires or subtotal colectomy undesirable children.Case Presentation: This presented simple surgical technique for treating complete colonic without resection. A 2 months old female baby with abdominal distention and stool complaint c...

Complete vertebrate genome sequencing has revealed a remarkable stability and uniformity in the protein-coding gene set, which at first glance might suggest that gene duplication events are relatively rare. This may be a red herring, or at least a red cichlid, as the Lake Malawi cichlid fishes show rapid and extensive duplication and diversification of their retinal cone photoreceptor opsin genes.

A case of incomplete duplication of the esophagus diagnosed in a 20-month-old girl with an esophageal perforation is presented. X-ray films of the chest showed pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. A water soluble contrast esophagogram revealed a contrast leakage from the cervical esophagus to the thoracic inlet. The endoscopic findings are described. Complete resection of the esophagea...