Program visualization and animation has traditionally been done at the level of the programming language and its implementation in a computer. However, novices do not know these concepts and visualizations that build upon programming language implementation may easily fail in helping novices to learn programming concepts. Metaphor, on the contrary, involves the presentation of a new idea in ter...

Graphs play an important role within many areas of computer science and rule-based languages are more and more used to describe complex transformation or inference processes. Nevertheless, their combination in the form of graph rewriting systems were more or less unknown among computer scientists for a long time. Nowadays, the situation is gradually improving with the appearance of a number of ...

What is the meaning of a procedure? This question is not so simple to answer, and its answer has far-reaching consequences throughout computer science. By “procedure” I mean any named, callable piece of program; depending on the programming language, it may be a procedure, or function, or method, or something else. To illustrate my points, I will use the Pascal programming language, designed at...

Ezhil is a Tamil programming language with support for imperative programming, with mixed use of Tamil and English identifiers and function-names. Ezhil programing system is targeted toward the K-12 (junior high-school) level Tamil speaking students, as an early introduction to thinking like a computer-scientist. We believe this 'numeracy' knowledge is easily transferred over from a native lang...

We consider the artist-programmer, who creates work through its description as source code. e artist-programmer grandstands computer language, giving unique vantage over humancomputer interaction in a creative context. We focus on the human in this relationship, noting that humans use an amalgam of language and gesture to express themselves. Accordingly we expose the deep relationship between ...

Computer programming today is far too dependent on one particular natural language, namely English. Mathematics is not dependent on English, and programming should not be, either. In order to eliminate the dependence of programming on English, we have constructed a programming language in which the keywords are replaced by symbols available on standard keyboards. Each of these symbols is chosen...

The selection of the computer language to adopt is usually driven by intuition and expertise, since it is very diffcult to compare languages taking into account all their characteristics. In this paper, we analyze the effciency of programming languages through Data Envelopment Analysis. We collected the input data from The Computer Language Benchmarks Game: we consider a large set of languages ...

Object-oriented programming using C++ classes is established practice in the general programming community and is beginning in computer music applications (Chaudhary, Freed et al. 1988; Chaudhary 1998). However, large components of computer music systems are still commonly written in the C programming language, either because object-orientation is felt unnecessary or more often because of effic...

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