Methods which can be used to assess the chloride permeability of various types of concrete in a relatively short time are described. An electrical potential from 60-80 volt DC is applied either between a chloride solution ponded on a slab surface and the top of rebar mat, or between two faces at a core taken from a structure. The amount of chloride and sum of the electrical current which passes...

Coastal concrete bridges will suffer from deterioration of RC structural performance and resistance attenuation because of the chloride penetration and other environment factors. This article discusses current different chloride diffusion models and puts forward the revised model of chloride diffusion in concrete bridge by considering the complex action of load influence and chloride-binding ca...

Concretes used in marine environment are generally under the cyclic effect of CO2 and chloride ions (Cl -). To date, the influence of carbonation on ingress of chloride ions in concretes has been widely studied; in comparison, study on the influence of Clon the progress of carbonation is limited. During the study, concretes were exposed to independent and combined mechanisms of carbonation and ...

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the resin solid content, catalyst content, and pH value obtained by the addition of two kinds of catalysts on the gel time of a urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin. Upon the addition of ammonium chloride, the pH value of the resin mixture decreased to 7 but not significantly further because of the limited free formaldehyde in the system. The pH...

In the present study, ranges and correlation among different physicochemical parameters viz., air temperature, water temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, conductivity, dissolved carbon dioxide, ammonia, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness and phosphate were taken into consideration. The water quality of Baidya fish pond ...

The zooplankton community structure in Eğirdir Lake (Isparta-Turkey) was studied monthly throughout an annual cycle (January 2010-December 2010). The zooplankton community was represented by three main groups: Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda, respectively comprised 89.62%, 7.78% and 2.60% of the total zooplankton abundance. Eğirdir Lake was dominated by the rotifera Polyarthra dolichoptera in ...

Concrete specimens were exposed to weekly cycles of wetting and drying in distilled water and in solutions of sodium chloride, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and calcium magnesium acetate with either a 6.04 molal ion concentration, equivalent in ion concentration to a 15% solution of NaCl, or a 1.06 molal ion concentration, equivalent in ion concentration to a 3% solution of NaCl, for pe...

Chloride-induced corrosion of reinforced concrete is one of the main deterioration mechanisms leading to shortening of the service life of concrete structures. Therefore, assessment of the resistance of concrete to chloride ingress plays an important role in predicting the service life of such structures. The Rapid Chloride Migration (RCM) test is one of the accelerated test methods commonly us...