PURPOSE To report clinical characteristics of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) in patients who previously underwent total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer or a benign mass of the thyroid. MATERIALS AND METHODS Of the patients who were diagnosed with TAO from March 2008 to March 2012, we performed a retrospective chart review on those who had undergone total thyroidectomy for thyroid ca...

Following the ecological epistemology of Gregory Bateson, we have modeled mental process as the flow of differences in a richly connected network. Bateson also suggested that taking differences in this flow of differences would produce higher order knowledge. Finally, Bateson considered symmetry to be the basis for the pattern which connects living forms and, while he never connected taking dif...

Self-compliance resistive random access memory (RRAM) characteristics using a W/TaO x /TiN structure are reported for the first time. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) image shows an amorphous TaO x layer with a thickness of 7 nm. A thin layer of TiO x N y with a thickness of 3 nm is formed at the TaO x /TiN interface, owing to the oxygen accumulation nature of Ti. This...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and compressive optic neuropathy in Korean patients. METHODS This study was a retrospective comparative case series. All TAO patients who were first seen at our institution between 2005 and 2009 and who had follow-up periods of at least 6 months were included. Patients were divided in...

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), or thyroid eye disease, is a complex inflammatory disorder of the eye that, as its name implies, is associated with thyroid disease. TAO can be divided into three subtypes: ocular myopathy, congestive myopathy and mixed congestive and myopathic ophthalmopathy. Although the precise pathophysiology of TAO remains unclear it is likely to reflect an autoimmu...

BACKGROUND Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an inflammatory disease that affects the thyroid gland and the eye orbit. Of patients with TAO, 3%-5% have severe sight-threatening disease due to optic neuropathy Optical coherence tomography (OCT), the non-invasive imaging technology that yields high-resolution cross-sectional images of the retina, provides qualitative and quantitative dat...